java设计模式之Singleton

单例模式学习总结：

实现单例的步骤：
1.私有化构造器    2.声明私有静态变量 3.提供静态实例

l实现单例的方式：
1饿汉模式

private EagerlySingleton() {}

        private static final EagerlySingleton INSTANCE = new EagerlySingleton();

        public static EagerlySingleton getInstance() {

            return INSTANCE;
        }

2.懒汉模式：
模式1：

private static ThreadSafeLazyLoaded instance;

    private ThreadSafeLazyLoaded() {

        if (instance==null) {
            instance = this;
        }else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("已经实例化.");
        }
    }

    public static synchronized ThreadSafeLazyLoaded getInstance() {
        if (instance==null) {
            instance = new ThreadSafeLazyLoaded();
        }
        return instance;
    }

模式2：双重检查

private static DoubleCheckLazyLoaded instance;

        private DoubleCheckLazyLoaded() {
            if (instance!=null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized.");
            }
        }

        public static DoubleCheckLazyLoaded getInstance() {
            DoubleCheckLazyLoaded result  = instance;
            if (result==null) {
                    synchronized (DoubleCheckLazyLoaded.class) {
                        result = instance;
                        if(result==null) {
                            instance = result = new DoubleCheckLazyLoaded();
                        }
                    }
                }
            return result;
            }

模式3：内部类实现：

public final class AnonymousInnerSingleton {

        private AnonymousInnerSingleton() {}

        public static AnonymousInnerSingleton getInstance() {

            return  AnonymousInner.INSTANCE;
        }

        private static class  AnonymousInner {
            private static final AnonymousInnerSingleton INSTANCE = new AnonymousInnerSingleton();
        }

}

模式4：枚举：

public enum EnumSingleton {
    INSTANCE;
     @Override
      public String toString() {
        return getDeclaringClass().getCanonicalName() + "@" + hashCode();
      }
}

除枚举外可以通过反射进行破坏