Java通过反射获取类的构造方法、属性、成员方法

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已于 2024-02-29 21:26:34 修改

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分类专栏： Java基础文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2024-02-29 20:53:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/feng_ling_01/article/details/136380418

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一、实体类准备

二、获取Class对象（三种方法）

1、通过Class.forName("全类名")

一、实体类准备

package ReflexStudy;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public Student() {

    }
    public Student(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    protected Student(int age){
        this.age = age;
    }
    private Student(String name, int age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    private String study(String book){
        System.out.println("i am study..." + book);
        return "i am ok";
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

二、获取Class对象（三种方法）

1、通过Class.forName("全类名")

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class aClass = Class.forName("ReflexStudy.Student");
        System.out.println(aClass);
    }

2、通过类名.class

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class aClass = Student.class;
        System.out.println(aClass);
    }

3.通过对象.getClass

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Student student = new Student();
        System.out.println(student.getClass());
    }

三、获取构造方法

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class aClass = Class.forName("ReflexStudy.Student");
        System.out.println(aClass.getConstructor());//public ReflexStudy.Student()
        for (Constructor constructor : aClass.getConstructors()) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }//public ReflexStudy.Student(java.lang.String)
        // public ReflexStudy.Student()
        System.out.println(aClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class));//public ReflexStudy.Student(java.lang.String)
        for (Constructor declaredConstructor : aClass.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
            System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
        }//private ReflexStudy.Student(java.lang.String,int)
        //protected ReflexStudy.Student(int)
        //public ReflexStudy.Student(java.lang.String)
        //public ReflexStudy.Student()
    }

通过构造方法创建对象

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        Class aClass = Class.forName("ReflexStudy.Student");
        Constructor constructor = aClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);//获取有两个参数的构造方法
        System.out.println(constructor.getModifiers());//2 代表获取的构造方法由private修饰
        constructor.setAccessible(true); //取消权限校验  如果不是private修饰的构造方法则不许要这句
        Student student = (Student)constructor.newInstance("张三", 18);
        System.out.println(student);//Student{name='张三', age=18}
    }

四、获取属性

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class aClass = Class.forName("ReflexStudy.Student");
        for (Field field : aClass.getDeclaredFields()) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }//private java.lang.String ReflexStudy.Student.name
        //private int ReflexStudy.Student.age
        Field name = aClass.getDeclaredField("name");//注意这里不能使用getField因为name被private修饰
        System.out.println(name);//private java.lang.String ReflexStudy.Student.name
    }

通过反射获取对象name属性和修改对象name属性

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Class aClass = Class.forName("ReflexStudy.Student");
        Field name = aClass.getDeclaredField("name");
        Student student = new Student("张三");
        name.setAccessible(true);//原因与构造函数相同 name由private修饰
        Object o = name.get(student);//获取对象name
        System.out.println(o);//张三
        name.set(student, "李四");//修改对象name
        System.out.println(student);//Student{name='李四', age=0}
    }

五、获取成员方法

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class aClass = Class.forName("ReflexStudy.Student");
        for (Method declaredMethod : aClass.getDeclaredMethods()) {
            System.out.println(declaredMethod);
        }//public void ReflexStudy.Student.setAge(int)....
        Method getName = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
        System.out.println(getName);//public java.lang.String ReflexStudy.Student.getName()
    }

调用成员方法

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        Class aClass = Class.forName("ReflexStudy.Student");
        Method study = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("study", String.class);
        Student student = new Student();
        study.setAccessible(true);
        System.out.println(study.invoke(student, "鲁滨逊漂流记"));//i am study...鲁滨逊漂流记
                                                                //i am ok
    }