实验7

火页凡 + 《软件工程（C编码实践篇）》MOOC课程作业http://mooc.study.163.com/course/USTC-1000002006

一．     实验过程

Clonegithub库：github.com/wangyufan/SE.git到实验环境

1.进入实验目录并创建实验一文件夹lab7

2.修改linktable.h,linktable.c，menu.c，menu.h文件,新增test.c：

在menu.c中去掉main函数并增加函数MenuConfig和ExecuteMenu，作为接口使用以增加通用性；

将原menu.c中的功能性代码搬入新的test.c中，为了代码的使用简洁，采用了最初加入各个命令的形式，首先写入数据结构；

使用make和make clean来编译程序和清理自动生成的文件；

使menu子系统支持带参数的复杂命令，使用了getopt函数来获取命令行参数；

代码如下：

#ifndef _LINK_TABLE_H_
#define _LINK_TABLE_H_

#define SUCCESS 0
#define FAILURE (-1)

typedef struct LinkTableNode
{
    struct LinkTableNode* pNext;
}tLinkTableNode;

//信息隐藏
typedef struct LinkTable tLinkTable;

tLinkTable* CreateLinkTable();

int DeleteLinkTable(tLinkTable* pLinkTable);

int AddLinkTableNode(tLinkTable* pLinkTable, tLinkTableNode* pNode);

int DelLinkTableNode(tLinkTable* pLinkTable, tLinkTableNode* pNode);


tLinkTableNode * SearchLinkTableNode(tLinkTable *pLinkTable, int Conditon(tLinkTableNode * pNode,void* args), void* args);

tLinkTableNode* GetLinkTableHead(tLinkTable* pLinkTable);

tLinkTableNode * GetNextLinkTableNode(tLinkTable *pLinkTable,tLinkTableNode * pNode);

#endif /* _LINK_TABLE_H_ */





#include 
     
     
      
      
#include 
      
      
       
       
#include "linktable.h"


//信息隐藏

typedef struct LinkTable
{
    tLinkTableNode *pHead;
    tLinkTableNode *pTail;
    int sumOfNode;
}tLinkTable;

tLinkTable* CreateLinkTable()
{
    tLinkTable* pLinkTable = (tLinkTable*)malloc(sizeof(tLinkTable));
    if(pLinkTable == NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    pLinkTable->pHead = NULL;
    pLinkTable->pTail = NULL;
    pLinkTable->sumOfNode = 0;
    return pLinkTable;
}

int DeleteLinkTable(tLinkTable* pLinkTable)
{
    if(pLinkTable == NULL)
    {
        return FAILURE;
    }
    while(pLinkTable->pHead != NULL)
    {
        tLinkTableNode* pNode = pLinkTable->pHead;
        pLinkTable->pHead = pLinkTable->pHead->pNext;
        free(pNode);  
    } 
    pLinkTable->pHead = NULL;
    pLinkTable->pTail = NULL;
    pLinkTable->sumOfNode = -1;
    free(pLinkTable);
    return SUCCESS;
}

int AddLinkTableNode(tLinkTable* pLinkTable, tLinkTableNode* pNode)
{
    if (pLinkTable == NULL || pNode == NULL)
    {
        return FAILURE;
    }
    pNode->pNext = NULL;
    if (pLinkTable->pHead == NULL)
    {
        pLinkTable->pHead = pNode;
    }
    if (pLinkTable->pTail == NULL)
    {
        pLinkTable->pTail = pNode;
    }
    else
    {
        pLinkTable->pTail->pNext = pNode;
        pLinkTable->pTail = pNode;
    }
    pLinkTable->sumOfNode = pLinkTable->sumOfNode + 1;
    return SUCCESS;
}

int DelLinkTableNode(tLinkTable* pLinkTable, tLinkTableNode* pNode)
{
    if (pLinkTable == NULL || pNode == NULL)
    {
        return FAILURE;
    }
    if (pLinkTable->pHead == pNode)
    {
        pLinkTable->pHead = pLinkTable->pHead->pNext;
        pLinkTable->sumOfNode = pLinkTable->sumOfNode - 1;
        if (pLinkTable->sumOfNode == 0)
        {
            pLinkTable->pTail == NULL;
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    tLinkTableNode* p = pLinkTable->pHead;
    while (p != NULL)
    {
        if (p->pNext == pNode)
        {
            p->pNext = p->pNext->pNext;
            pLinkTable->sumOfNode = pLinkTable->sumOfNode - 1;
            if (pLinkTable->sumOfNode == 0)
            {
                pLinkTable->pTail = NULL;
            }
            return SUCCESS;
        }
        p = p->pNext;
    }
    return FAILURE;
}

tLinkTableNode * SearchLinkTableNode(tLinkTable *pLinkTable, int Conditon(tLinkTableNode * pNode, void* args), void* args)
{
    if(pLinkTable == NULL || Conditon == NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    tLinkTableNode * pNode = pLinkTable->pHead;
    while(pNode != NULL)
    {   
        if(Conditon(pNode,args) == SUCCESS)
        {
            return pNode;                   
        }
        pNode = pNode->pNext;
    }
    return NULL;
}

tLinkTableNode* GetLinkTableHead(tLinkTable* pLinkTable)
{
    if (pLinkTable == NULL || pLinkTable->pHead == NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    return pLinkTable->pHead;
}

tLinkTableNode * GetNextLinkTableNode(tLinkTable *pLinkTable,tLinkTableNode * pNode)
{
    if (pLinkTable == NULL || pNode == NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    tLinkTableNode* pTempNode = pLinkTable->pHead;
    while (pTempNode != NULL)
    {
        if (pTempNode == pNode)
        {
            return pTempNode->pNext;
        }
        pTempNode = pTempNode->pNext;
    }
    return NULL;
}
#ifndef _MENU_H
#define _MENU_H

int MenuConfig(char *cmd, char *desc, int(*handler)());
int ExecuteMenu();

#endif#include 
       
       
        
        
#include 
        
        
         
         
#include 
         
         
           #include 
          
            #include "linktable.h" #include "menu.h" #define CMD_MAX_LEN 128 #define DESC_LEN 1024 #define CMD_MAX_ARGV_LEN 16 typedef struct DataNode { tLinkTableNode* pNext; char* cmd; char* desc; int (*handler)(int argc, char* argv[]); }tDataNode; tLinkTable* head = NULL; int SearchCondition(tLinkTableNode * pLinkTableNode, void* args) { char* cmd = (char*)args; tDataNode * pNode = (tDataNode *)pLinkTableNode; if(strcmp(pNode->cmd, cmd) == 0) { return SUCCESS; } return FAILURE; } tDataNode* FindCmd(tLinkTable* head, char* cmd) { return (tDataNode*)SearchLinkTableNode(head,SearchCondition,cmd); } int ShowAllCmd(tLinkTable* head) { tDataNode* pNode = (tDataNode*) GetLinkTableHead(head); while(pNode != NULL) { printf("%10s ----- %s\n", pNode->cmd, pNode->desc); pNode = (tDataNode*)GetNextLinkTableNode(head, (tLinkTableNode*)pNode); } return 0; } int Help(int argc, char* argv[]) { int ch; char* ch_prom; printf("*************************************************************\n"); if(argc ==1) { ShowAllCmd(head); return 0; } while((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "shl:")) != -1) { switch(ch) { case 's': printf("This is \"-s\" mode help\n"); break; case 'h': printf("This is \"-h\" mode help\n"); break; case 'l': ch_prom = optarg; printf("This is \"-l\" mode help with %s\n", ch_prom); break; case '?': printf("Wrong argument!\n"); } } optind = 1; printf("*************************************************************\n"); return 0; } int MenuConfig(char* cmd, char* desc, int(*handler)(int argc, char* argv[])) { tDataNode* pNode = NULL; if(head == NULL) { head = CreateLinkTable(); pNode = (tDataNode*)malloc(sizeof(tDataNode)); pNode->cmd = "help"; pNode->desc = "Menu List:"; pNode->handler = Help; AddLinkTableNode(head,(tLinkTableNode*)pNode); } pNode = (tDataNode*)malloc(sizeof(tDataNode)); pNode->cmd = cmd; pNode->desc = desc; pNode->handler = handler; AddLinkTableNode(head,(tLinkTableNode*)pNode); return 0; } int ExecuteMenu() { while(1) { int argc = 0; char *argv[CMD_MAX_ARGV_LEN]; char cmd[CMD_MAX_LEN]; char *pcmd = NULL; printf("menu cmd-> "); pcmd = fgets(cmd, CMD_MAX_LEN, stdin); if(pcmd == NULL) { continue; } pcmd = strtok(pcmd, " "); while(pcmd != NULL && argc < CMD_MAX_ARGV_LEN) { argv[argc] = pcmd; ++argc; pcmd = strtok(NULL, " "); } if(argc == 1) { int len = strlen(argv[0]); *(argv[0] + len - 1) = '\0'; } tDataNode* p = FindCmd(head, argv[0]); if(p == NULL) { continue; } if(p->handler != NULL) { p->handler(argc, argv); } } return 0; } #include 
           
             #include 
            
              #include 
             
               #include "linktable.h" #include "menu.h" typedef struct CMDNode { char* cmd; char* desc; int(*handler)(int argc, char* argv[]); }tCMDNode; int help(int argc, char* argv[]); int version(int argc, char* argv[]); int quit(int argc, char* argv[]); int multi(int argc, char* argv[]); int sub(int argc, char* argv[]); int add(int argc, char* argv[]); int lower(int argc, char* argv[]); int upper(int argc, char* argv[]); tCMDNode dHead[] = { {"help", "cmd tips.", help}, {"version","show version of this menu.",version}, {"quit", "exit cmd.",quit}, {"upper", "change the case into uppercase Letters.",upper}, {"lower", "change the case into lowercase Letters.",lower}, {"sub", "subtraction of two numbers.",sub}, {"add", "addition of two numbers.",add}, {"multi", "multiplication of two numbers.", multi} }; int numOfCmdExHelp = sizeof(dHead) / sizeof(dHead[0]); int InitMenuData(tCMDNode* dHead, int length) { int i; for (i = 0; i < length; i++) { tCMDNode* pCMDNode = &dHead[i]; MenuConfig(pCMDNode->cmd, pCMDNode->desc, pCMDNode->handler); } return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { InitMenuData(dHead, numOfCmdExHelp); ExecuteMenu(); return 0; } int help(int argc, char* argv[]) { printf("+--------+---------------------------------+\n"); printf("+ help + cmd tips +\n"); printf("+ quit + exit cmd +\n"); printf("+ version+ show version +\n"); printf("+ upper + change the case into uppercase Letters +\n"); printf("+ lower + change the case into lowercase Letters +\n"); printf("+ sub + subtraction of two numbers +\n"); printf("+ add + addition of two numbers +\n"); printf("+ multi + multiplication of two numbers +\n"); printf("+--------+---------------------------------+\n"); return 0; } int quit(int argc, char* argv[]) { exit(0); return 0; } int upper(int argc, char* argv[]) { int i; char arr[100]; printf("please input contents:"); scanf("%s", arr); for(i=0; arr[i]!='\0'; i++) { if(arr[i]>='A'&&arr[i]<='Z') arr[i]+=32; } printf("%s\n", arr); return 0; } int lower(int argc, char* argv[]) { int i; char arr[100]; printf("please input contents:"); scanf("%s", arr); for(i=0; arr[i]!='\0'; i++) { if(arr[i]>='a'&&arr[i]<='z') arr[i]-=32; } printf("%s\n", arr); return 0; } int version(int argc, char* argv[]) { printf("the version is 1.0.0\n"); return 0; } int add(int argc, char* argv[]) { double num1,num2,count; printf("+-------*--------*--------*--------*-------+\n"); printf("please input two numbers:"); scanf("%lf %lf",&num1, &num2); char a; count = num1 + num2; a = '+'; printf("%lf %c %lf = %lf \n",num1, a, num2, count); return 0; } int sub(int argc, char* argv[]) { double num1,num2,count; printf("+-------*--------*--------*--------*-------+\n"); printf("please input two numbers:"); scanf("%lf %lf",&num1, &num2); char a; count = num1 - num2; a = '-'; printf("%lf %c %lf = %lf \n",num1, a, num2, count); return 0; } int multi(int argc, char* argv[]) { double num1,num2,count; printf("+-------*--------*--------*--------*-------+\n"); printf("please input two numbers:"); scanf("%lf %lf",&num1, &num2); char a; count = num1 * num2; a = '*'; printf("%lf %c %lf = %lf \n",num1, a, num2, count); return 0; } CC_PTHREAD_FLAGS = -lpthread CC_FLAGS = -c CC_OUTPUT_FLAGS = -o CC = gcc RM = rm RM_FLAGS = -f TARGET = test OBJS = linktable.o menu.o test.o all: $(OBJS) $(CC) $(CC_OUTPUT_FLAGS) $(TARGET) $(OBJS) .c.o: $(CC) $(CC_FLAGS) $< clean: $(RM) $(RM_FLAGS) $(OBJS) $(TARGET) *.bak empty 
              
             
            
           
         
        
        
       
       
      
      
     
     

3实验结果

实现的命令8个:

help帮助

version版本号 

quit退出

upper将字符串中大写字母变小写

lower将字符串中小写字母变大写

add

sub

mult 分别计算两个数的加减乘

4 .提交代码到版本库

二. 实验总结

1. getopt（）用来获取命令行参数。参数argc和argv[]是由main（）传递的参数个数和参数内容。参数optstring 则代表欲处理的选项字符串。此函数会返回在argv[] 中下一个的选项字母，此字母会对应参数optstring 中的字母。

2.当项目中文件数目较多时，每次都使用gcc -o 编译很不方便。这时，使用Makefile文件配置编译过程。例如：在Makefile中加入以下命令all: linktable.c test.c menu.c menu，则每次执行make就相当于执行gcc -o linktable.c menu.c test.c，会编译并生成生成可执行文件menu。这种方法极大的简化了编译。并且，为了提高make脚本在不同项目中的通用性，应该使用各种宏代替其中的GCC命令。

3.将menu.c从主函数中独立出来后，会极大的降低menu.c和其它文件的耦合程度，这样如果要给menu项目增加新的功能，只需要修改menu.c文件及menu.h中的相应接口，这使得menu程序的升级和维护比较容易。