Python基础重点复习（5）

装饰器

def assist(item):
    def inner():
        print("成为伙伴")
        item()
        print("完结")
    return inner


@assist  # 相当于xxx = assist(EVA)
def EVA():
    print("一起成为EVA驾驶员")

@assist  # 相当于xxx = assist(One_Piece)
def One_Piece():
    print("一起成为海贼王")

EVA()  # 执行的是内层函数inner
One_Piece()

print("------------------------------------------")

def assist(item):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print("登录")
        item(*args, **kwargs)
        print("退出")
    return inner


@assist
def play_steam(username, pwd, game):
    print("我要开启steam了.", username, pwd, game)

@assist
def play_gamer(username, pwd):
    print("我要玩游戏了.", username, pwd)

play_gamer("admin", "123456")
play_steam("admin", "123456", "艾尔登")

print("------------------------------------------")

# 通用装饰器写法(接收返回值)：
def assist(item):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print("登录")
        ret = item(*args, **kwargs)
        print("退出")
        return ret
    return inner


@assist
def play_steam(username, pwd, game):
    print("我要开启steam了.", username, pwd, game)
    return "买个新游戏"

@assist
def play_gamer(username, pwd):
    print("我要玩游戏了.", username, pwd)

play_gamer("admin", "123456")
ret = play_steam("admin", "123456", "艾尔登")
print(ret)

print("------------------------------------------")


# 一个函数可以被多个装饰器装饰
def wrapper1(item):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print("这里是wrapper1进入")
        ret = item(*args, **kwargs)
        print("这里是wrapper1退出")
        return ret
    return inner

def wrapper2(item):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print("这里是wrapper2进入")
        ret = item(*args, **kwargs)
        print("这里是wrapper2退出")
        return ret
    return inner

@wrapper1  # 装饰顺序:wrapper1(wrapper2(target))
@wrapper2
def target():
    print("我是目标")

target()

"""
这里是wrapper1进入
这里是wrapper2进入
我是目标
这里是wrapper2退出
这里是wrapper1退出
"""

一个简单的装饰器例子

flag = False  # 添加判断状态，输入成功一次，后续的操作不用重复登录

def login_verify(item):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        global flag  # 用于下面修改全局变量
        if flag == False:
            while 1:
                username = input("请输入用户名>>>")
                pwd = input("请输入密码>>>")
                if username == "admin" and pwd == "123456":
                    print("登陆成功")
                    flag = True
                    break
                else:
                    print("用户名或密码失败,请重新输入")
        ret = item(*args, **kwargs)
        return ret
    return inner

@login_verify
def add():
    print("我要进行添加")

@login_verify
def update():
    print("我要进行修改")

@login_verify
def search():
    print("我要查询")

add()
update()
search()
"""
请输入用户名>>>admin
请输入密码>>>123456
登陆成功
我要进行添加
我要进行修改
我要查询
"""

迭代器

"""
iterable:可迭代的
str,list,tuple,dict,set,open()
可迭代的数据类型都会提供一个迭代器，可以把数据类型中的所有数据逐一取出
"""

it = iter("我要成为海贼王")

print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))
print(next(it, "没了"))  # 若超出范围，则显示指定内容来代替报错

it = "我驾驶EVA".__iter__()
print(it.__next__())
print(it.__next__())
print(it.__next__())
print(it.__next__())
print(it.__next__())
print(it.__next__())

print("---------------------------------")

# 模拟for循环工作原理
s = "我喜欢看动漫"
it = s.__iter__()
while 1:
    try:
        data = it.__next__()
        print(data)
    except StopIteration:
        break
print("结束")
# for循环里面一定是要拿迭代器的，所以不可迭代的对象不能用for循环，例如int类型
# 迭代器统一了不同数据类型的遍历工作

print("---------------------------------")

# 迭代器本身也是可迭代的
s = "我喜欢打游戏"
it = s.__iter__()

for i in it:
    print(i)

生成器

# 生成器: 本质是迭代器
def func():
    print("aaa")
    yield 123  # 与return效果相似，只要函数中出现了yield，就是生成器函数

# 生成器函数执行时，不会执行函数，得到的是一个生成器

ret = func()
print(ret)
print(ret.__next__())  # 只有执行next的时候，yield才会返回数据

print("------------------------------------------")

def func():
    print("aa")
    yield 11  # 与return不同，不会停止下面的代码
    print("bb")
    yield 22
    print("cc")
    yield 33

ret = func()
print(ret.__next__())  # aa 11
print(ret.__next__())  # bb 22
print(ret.__next__())  # cc 33

print("------------------------------------------")

def order():
    lst = []
    for i in range(100):
        lst.append(f"漫画{i}")
        if len(lst) == 10:  # 10次一拿
            yield lst
            # 下一次从这个位置开始
            lst = []  # 下一次拿清空

gen = order()
print(gen.__next__())
print(gen.__next__())
print(gen.__next__())

print("---------------------------------")

# 生成器表达式
gen = (i for i in range(10))
# print(gen.__next__())
# print(gen.__next__())
# print(gen.__next__())
# for i in gen:
#     print(i)
print(list(gen))

推导式

lst = []
for i in range(10):
    lst.append(i)

print(lst)

# 推导式简化代码
lst = [i for i in range(10)]
print(lst)

# lst = [i for i in range(1, 10, 2)]
lst = [i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 1]
print(lst)

lst = [f"漫画{i}" for i in range(50)]
print(lst)

lst = ["asuka", "iroha", "asuna"]
# 都变成大写
lst2 = [item.upper() for item in lst]
print(lst2)

print("---------------------------------------")

#集合推导式
s = {i for i in range(10)}
print(s)

#字典推导式
lst = ["asuka", "iroha", "asuna", "gundam"]
dic = {i:lst[i] for i in range(len(lst))}
print(dic)

#没有元组推导式