python常用模块

time模块

import time

time.sleep(1)  # 休眠多少秒

# 利用时间戳计算耗费时间
start = time.time()
for i in range(10000000):
    pass
end = time.time()
print(end - start)

datetime模块

from datetime import datetime
from datetime import date

print(datetime.now())
print(datetime(2018, 1, 2, 12, 12, 13))

print("-------------------------")

t1 = datetime(2018, 1, 2, 12, 30, 13)
t2 = datetime(2018, 1, 4, 12, 40, 13)
diff = t2 - t1
print(diff)
print(diff.total_seconds())  # 一共多少秒

print("-------------------------")

t = datetime.now()
print(t.strftime('%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒'))

print("-------------------------")

t1 = input("输入第一个时间（yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS）：")
t2 = input("输入第二个时间（yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS）：")

# 把字符串转化成时间
r1 = datetime.strptime(t1, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
r2 = datetime.strptime(t2, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
print(r2 - r1)

print("-------------------------")

print(date.today())
print(date(1988, 12, 3))

random模块

#随机生成验证码
def rand_num():
    return str(random.randint(0, 9))

def rand_upper():
    return chr(random.randint(65, 90))  # 数字变字母

def rand_lower():
    return chr(random.randint(97, 122))

def code(n = 4):  # 默认4位
    lst = []
    for i in range(n):
        which = random.randint(1, 3)
        if which == 1:
            s = rand_num()
        elif which == 2:
            s = rand_upper()
        elif which == 3:
            s = rand_lower()
        lst.append(s)
    return "".join(lst)

print(code())
print(code(5))

pickle模块

import pickle

lst = ['路飞', '黑胡子', '香克斯']
b = pickle.dumps(lst)  # 转化成二进制字节
print(b)
lst = pickle.loads(b)  # 还原
print(lst)

print("------------------------------")
# 把数据存储到文件中最合理的方法是用pickle
dic = {"name":"路飞", "gender":"男"}
pickle.dump(dic, open("data.txt", mode="wb"))

# 读取序列化后的文件
dic = pickle.load(open("data.txt", mode="rb"))
print(dic)

json模块

import json


# json是一种数据交互的数据模式
# 把python中的字典或列表转化成json字符串
dic = {"id": 1, "name":"路飞", "usertype:": 0}
s = json.dumps(dic, ensure_ascii=False)  # json处理中文要加ensure_ascii=False
print(s, type(s))

print("--------------------------------")

# 前端返回的json字符串转化成python中的字典
s = '{"id": 1, "name":"路飞", "usertype:": 0}'
d = json.loads(s)
print(d, type(d))

print("--------------------------------")
# 前端的json和python的字典的区别
d = {"id": 1, "status":True, "islog:": None}
print(json.dumps(d))  # {"id": 1, "status": true, "islog:": null}

print("--------------------------------")
# 列表也可以转化json字符串
lst = ["1", "hh", "你好", True]
s = json.dumps(lst, ensure_ascii=False)
print(s)

print("--------------------------------")
# 读写文件
anime = {
    "海贼王": "路飞",
    "春物": "大老师",
    "age": 20
}

json.dump(anime, open("anime.txt", mode="w", encoding="utf-8"), ensure_ascii=False)

d = json.load(open("anime.txt", mode="r", encoding="utf-8"))
print(d, type(d))

hashlib

import hashlib


# md5是一种不可逆的加密算法，它是可靠的，并且安全的
obj = hashlib.md5()  # 创建md5对象
obj.update("看动漫".encode("utf-8"))  # 加密信息传递给obj
m = obj.hexdigest()  # 拿到密文
print(m)

print("----------------------------------")
# 默认加密过程容易撞库，需要加盐
obj = hashlib.md5(b'asdasd')  # 必须是byte类型
obj.update("玩游戏".encode("utf-8"))
print(obj.hexdigest())

shutil

import shutil

shutil.move("dir1/a.txt", "dir2")  # 把dir1中的a.txt移动到dir2中

print("------------------------------------")

# 复制文件
f1 = open("dir2/a.txt", mode="rb")
f2 = open("dir1/b.txt", mode="wb")

shutil.copyfileobj(f1, f2)

print("------------------------------------")
# 指定文件路径进行复制,复制的是文件的内容（权限，修改时间等不复制）
shutil.copyfile("dir1/b.txt", "dir1/c.txt")

print("------------------------------------")
#复制文件内容+文件权限
shutil.copy("dir1/b.txt", "dir1/d.txt")

print("------------------------------------")
# 复制文件内容+修改时间
shutil.copy2("xxx.py", "dir1/xxx.py")

print("------------------------------------")
# 复制文件的权限+修改时间，但不复制内容
shutil.copystat("xxx.py", "dir1/xxx.py")

print("------------------------------------")
# 只拷贝文件权限
shutil.copymode("xxx", "dir1/xxx")

print("------------------------------------")
# 复制文件夹,里面的内容也会复制过去
shutil.copytree("dir1", "dir3")

# 删除文件夹
shutil.rmtree("dir3")

logging日志模块

import logging
import os.path
import time

root_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)))
print(root_path)  # 找到主文件夹目录
log_path = os.path.join(root_path, 'log')

class Logger():
    def __init__(self):
        # 定义日志位置和文件名
        self.logname = os.path.join(log_path, "{}.log".format(time.strftime("%Y%m%d")))
        # 定义一个日志容器
        self.logger = logging.getLogger('log')
        # 设置日志打印级别
        self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        # 设置日志输入的格式
        self.formater = logging.Formatter('[%(asctime)s][%(filename)s %(lineno)d][%(levelname)s]: %(message)s')
        # 创建日志处理器，存放日志文件
        self.filelogger = logging.FileHandler(self.logname, mode='a', encoding='UTF-8')
        # 创建日志处理器，在控制台打印
        self.console = logging.StreamHandler()
        # 设置控制台打印日志界面
        self.console.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        # 文件存放日志级别
        self.filelogger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
        # 文件存放日志格式
        self.filelogger.setFormatter(self.formater)
        # 控制台打印日志格式
        self.console.setFormatter(self.formater)
        # 将日志输出渠道添加到日志收集器中
        self.logger.addHandler(self.filelogger)
        self.logger.addHandler(self.console)

logger = Logger().logger

if __name__ == '__main__':
    logger.debug('debug日志')
    logger.info('info日志')
    logger.warning('warning日志')
    logger.error('error日志')

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