分享一下我老师大神的人工智能教程!零基础,通俗易懂!http://blog.csdn.net/jiangjunshow
也欢迎大家转载本篇文章。分享知识,造福人民,实现我们中华民族伟大复兴!
分类 WinForm2009-2-6 12:53:19 |
转自 YuFun's 自动化测试随笔 |
昨天写自动化测试的CASE的时候,碰到一个疑难杂症,调用截图的函数去截取一个Popup窗口,但是总是把背景程序给截下来,Popup窗口就跟看不到一样。本来以为是同步的问题,也就是以为先截图再点击弹出Popup窗口了。后来加了N个Thread.Sleep来测试,发现根本不是因为这个原因,而是截图的函数截不下来这个窗口。
这个为啥呢,只好把截图的函数代码翻出来看,以前是用这种方式的:
http://www.cnblogs.com/yufun/archive/2009/01/12/1374335.html
这个为啥呢,只好把截图的函数代码翻出来看,以前是用这种方式的:
http://www.cnblogs.com/yufun/archive/2009/01/12/1374335.html
看代码:
需要Reference下面的DLL:
System.Drawing
System.Windows.Forms
WindowBase
1: using System;
2: using System.Collections.Generic;
3: using System.Text;
4: using System.Windows;
5: using System.Windows.Forms;
6: using System.Drawing;
7: using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
8:
9: namespace ConsoleApplication1
10: {
11: class Program
12: {
13: [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
14: public static extern IntPtr CreateDC(string driver, string device, IntPtr res1, IntPtr res2);
15:
16: public enum TernaryRasterOperations
17: {
18: SRCCOPY = 0x00CC0020, /* dest = source*/
19: SRCPAINT = 0x00EE0086, /* dest = source OR dest*/
20: SRCAND = 0x008800C6, /* dest = source AND dest*/
21: SRCINVERT = 0x00660046, /* dest = source XOR dest*/
22: SRCERASE = 0x00440328, /* dest = source AND (NOT dest )*/
23: NOTSRCCOPY = 0x00330008, /* dest = (NOT source)*/
24: NOTSRCERASE = 0x001100A6, /* dest = (NOT src) AND (NOT dest) */
25: MERGECOPY = 0x00C000CA, /* dest = (source AND pattern)*/
26: MERGEPAINT = 0x00BB0226, /* dest = (NOT source) OR dest*/
27: PATCOPY = 0x00F00021, /* dest = pattern*/
28: PATPAINT = 0x00FB0A09, /* dest = DPSnoo*/
29: PATINVERT = 0x005A0049, /* dest = pattern XOR dest*/
30: DSTINVERT = 0x00550009, /* dest = (NOT dest)*/
31: BLACKNESS = 0x00000042, /* dest = BLACK*/
32: WHITENESS = 0x00FF0062, /* dest = WHITE*/
33: };
34:
35: [DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
36: public static extern bool BitBlt(IntPtr hObject, int nXDest, int nYDest, int nWidth,
37: int nHeight, IntPtr hObjSource, int nXSrc, int nYSrc, TernaryRasterOperations dwRop);
38:
39: public static void CaptureDesktop(string sPath)
40: {
41: Rect rect = new Rect();
42: rect.Width = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Width;
43: rect.Height = Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Height;
44:
45: IntPtr dcTmp = CreateDC("DISPLAY", "DISPLAY", (IntPtr)null, (IntPtr)null);
46: Graphics gScreen = Graphics.FromHdc(dcTmp);
47: Bitmap image = new Bitmap((int)(rect.Width), (int)(rect.Height), System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
48: Graphics gImage = Graphics.FromImage(image);
49: IntPtr dcImage = gImage.GetHdc();
50: IntPtr dcScreen = gScreen.GetHdc();
51: BitBlt(dcImage, 0, 0, (int)(rect.Width), (int)(rect.Height), dcScreen, (int)(rect.Left), (int)(rect.Top), TernaryRasterOperations.SRCCOPY);
52: gScreen.ReleaseHdc(dcScreen);
53: gImage.ReleaseHdc(dcImage);
54:
55: image.Save(sPath);
56: }
57:
58: static void Main(string[] args)
59: {
60: CaptureDesktop("c://1.bmp");
61: }
62: }
63: }
BitBlt(dcImage, 0, 0, (int) (rect.Width), (int) (rect.Height), dcScreen, (int) (rect.Left), (int) (rect.Top), TernaryRasterOperations.SRCCOPY);
凭直觉感觉应该是因为这种通过DC的方式对WPF程序支持有问题,但是又觉得奇怪就是截取其它的WPF组件和窗口都没有问题,偏偏Popup窗口不行。
前些天听说另外一种截屏的方法,这种方法连被遮挡的窗口都可以截,于是就Google一大把,找打了PrintWindow函数,于是就有了第二种解决方案,代码如下:
IntPtr hdc = Native.GetWindowDC(this.Handle);if (hdc != IntPtr.Zero){ IntPtr hdcMem = Native.CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); if (hdcMem != IntPtr.Zero) { IntPtr hbitmap = Native.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, (int) (Rect.Width), (int) (Rect.Height)); if (hbitmap != IntPtr.Zero) { Native.SelectObject(hdcMem, hbitmap); Native.PrintWindow(this.Handle, hdcMem, 0); Native.DeleteObject(hbitmap); Bitmap bmp = Bitmap.FromHbitmap(hbitmap); bmp.Save(sPath); } Native.DeleteObject(hdcMem); } Native.ReleaseDC(this.Handle, hdc);}
就是拿到窗口的句柄,通过PrintWindow API来截取窗口。
但是更让人气愤的事情出现了,截出来的窗口中,只要是用到WPF组件的地方,全部是黑块儿,只有MFC的窗口框架和按钮可以正常被截取。
于是乎,就无奈的继续分析这个问题,我记得WPF是没有走GDI,而是通过Directx渲染的,那就是说DC的方式和PrintWindow的方式都不靠谱,但是截Directx的貌似还比较复杂。
突然想起来,平常报bug的时候都是按PrintScreen,然后再处理一下的,那应该PrintScreen按键是管用的,看来只能曲线救国了。但是那样就得走剪切板了,貌似会破坏剪切板的数据,不过如果我在截取前保存一下数据,在截取后再恢复一下剪切板数据,那就没有问题了。
于是就有了第三种解决方案(暂时还没有加恢复剪切板数据的代码):
const uint KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY = 0x1;const uint KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = 0x2;const byte VK_SNAPSHOT = 0x2C;Native.keybd_event(VK_SNAPSHOT, 0x45, KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY, UIntPtr.Zero);Native.keybd_event(VK_SNAPSHOT, 0x45, KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY | KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, UIntPtr.Zero);IDataObject iObj = Clipboard.GetDataObject();if (iObj.GetDataPresent(DataFormats.Bitmap, true)){ Bitmap bmpScreen = iObj.GetData(DataFormats.Bitmap, true) as Bitmap; Bitmap bmpOutput = new Bitmap((int) this.Rect.Width, (int) this.Rect.Height, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb); Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmpOutput); Rectangle destRectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int) this.Rect.Width, (int) this.Rect.Height); g.DrawImage(bmpScreen, destRectangle, (int) this.Rect.X, (int) this.Rect.Y, (int) this.Rect.Width, (int) this.Rect.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); bmpOutput.Save(sPath, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp);}
测试可用,只好先用着了
不过还有几个问题,先写下来,留待以后解决:
1. 针对第三种方案,既然可以按PrintScreen键截图,那对应的API是什么,总觉得发键盘消息没有直接调API稳定
2. 针对WPF截图有没有更好的解决方案
回复补充
public static Bitmap CopyPrimaryScreen(){ Screen s = Screen.PrimaryScreen; Rectangle r = s.Bounds; int w = r.Width; int h = r.Height; Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(w, h); Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp); g.CopyFromScreen ( new Point(0, 0), new Point(0, 0), new Size(w, h) ); return bmp;}
/// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="sFromFilePath">原始图片</param> /// <param name="saveFilePath">生成新图</param> /// <param name="width">截取图片宽度</param> /// <param name="height">截取图片高度</param> /// <param name="spaceX">截图图片X坐标</param> /// <param name="spaceY">截取图片Y坐标</param> public static void CaptureImage(string sFromFilePath, string saveFilePath, int width, int height, int spaceX, int spaceY) { //载入底图 Image fromImage = Image.FromFile(sFromFilePath); int x = 0; //截取X坐标 int y = 0; //截取Y坐标 //原图宽与生成图片宽 之差 //当小于0(即原图宽小于要生成的图)时,新图宽度为较小者 即原图宽度 X坐标则为0 //当大于0(即原图宽大于要生成的图)时,新图宽度为设置值 即width X坐标则为 sX与spaceX之间较小者 //Y方向同理