python实用小技巧

• 检查重复元素

  • def all_unique(lst):
        return len(lst) == len(set(lst))
    

• 变位词

  • # 检测两个字符串是否为变位词
    from collections import Counter
    def anagram(first, second):
        return Counter(first) == Counter(second)
    

• 检查内存使用情况

  • import sys
    variable = 30
    print(sys.getsizeof(variable))
    
    # 计算当前代码所使用的内存和时间
    import os
    import time
    import psutil
    from contextlib import contextmanager
    @contextmanager
    def timer_memory(name):
        t0 = time.time()
        yield
        print(f"Memory: {(psutil.Process(os.getpid()).memory_info().rss/2**30):.02f}GB")
        print(f"{name} done in {time.time-t0:.0f}s")
    
    # 使用方法
    with timer_memory('Reading data'):
        '''
        code
        '''
    

• 字节大小计算

  • def byte_size(string):
        return (len(string.encode(utf-8)))
    

• 首字母大写

  • s = ''
    s.title()
    

• 分块

  • # 数据分块，将列表分为指定大小
    import math
    def chunk(lst, size):
        return list(map(lambda x: lst[x*size:x*size+size], list(range(0, math.ceil(len(lst)/size)))))
    

• 压缩

  • # 使用filter删除列表中的错误值或者指定值
    def compact(lst):
        return list(filter(bool, lst))
    

• 间隔数

  • # 转换二维数组
    arr = [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]
    transposed = zip(*arr)	# --> [(1,3,5), (2,4,6)]
    

• 计算字符串中元音字母数

  • import re
    def count_vowels(strs):
        return len(len(re.findall(r[aeiou], strs, re.IGNORECASE)))
    

• 平面化

  • # 将列表中的列表去除
    def spread(arg):
        ret = []
        for i in arg:
            ret.extend(i) if isinstance(i, list) else ret.append(i)
        return ret
    def deep_flatten(lst):
        res = []
        res.extend(spread(list(map(lambda x:deep_flatten(x) if type(x)==list else x, lst))))
        return res
    # [1, [2,3], [[4],[5]], 6] --> [1,2,3,4,5,6]
    

• 差异

  • # 返回两个迭代器中差异的值
    def difference(a, b):
        set_a = set(a)
        set_b = set(b)
        comparison = set_a.difference(set_b)
        return list(comparison)
    

• 寻找差异

  • def difference_by(a, b, fn):
        b = set(map(fn, b))
        return [item for item in a if fn(item) not in b]
    

• 合并两个字典

  • # 方法1
    def merge_two_dicts(a, b):
        c = a.copy()
        c.update(b)
        return c
    # 方法2, python>=3.5
    def merge_two_dicts(a, b):
        return {**a, **b}
    

• 将列表转化为字典

  • def to_dict(keys:list, values:list):
        return dict(zip(keys, values))
    

• Try else 指令

  • try:
        c = 2*3
    except TypeError:
        print('An exception was raised !')
    else:
        print('no exception !')
    

• 返回列表中重复出现最多的元素

  • def most_frequent(lst):
        return max(set(lst), key=lst.count)
    

• 回文

  • def palindrome(string):
        import re
        s = re.sub([W_],  , string.lower())
        return s == s[::-1]
    

• 简单计算器

  • import operator
    action = {'+': operator.add, 
              '-': operator.sub, 
              '/': operator.truediv, 
              '*': operator.mul, 
              '**': pow}
    print(action['-'](50, 25))