python教程十一（函数）

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'''定义函数'''
'''
def greet():
    print('hello')

#调用函数
greet()
'''

'''函数接受指定值,实参->形参'''
'''
def greet(user): #user是形参
    print('hello,'+user)

#调用时，给函数传一个值
greet('GodF') #GodF是实参

#hello,GodF

'''

'''位置实参 实参和形参的位置顺序相同'''
'''
def fun(p1,p2):
    print('you like '+p1)
    print('you dont like '+p2)

fun('bmw','byd') #即’bmw‘对应p1，’byd‘对应p2

#you like bmw
#you dont like byd

'''

'''关键字实参 形参=实参 顺序不重要'''
'''
def fun(p1,p2):
    print('you like '+p1)
    print('you dont like '+p2)

fun(p1='bmw',p2='byd')

#you like bmw
#you dont like byd

'''

'''形参默认值,先列出没有默认值的形参p1,再列出有默认值的p2.'''
'''
def fun(p1,p2='audi'):
    print('you like '+p1)
    print('you dont like '+p2)

fun(p1='bmw')#调用时未指定p2

#you like bmw
#you dont like audi

fun(p1='bmw',p2='byd')#调用指定p2

#you like bmw
#you dont like byd

'''

'''返回值,return语句将值返回到'调用函数'的代码行'''
'''
def new_name(part1,part2):
    full_name=part1+' '+part2
    return full_name.title()

name=new_name('gang','dong')
print(name)

#Gang Dong

'''

'''可选实参,在该实参对应的形参列表最后,设置一个默认值,形参=‘ ’ '''
'''
def make_name(first,last,mid=''):
    if mid: #如果形参mid（存在）不为空
        new_name = first + ' ' + mid + ' ' + last
    else:
        new_name = first + ' ' + last
    return new_name.title()

name1=make_name('fu','gang')
print(name1)
name2=make_name('li','ru','meng')
print(name2)

#Fu Gang

#Li Meng Ru

'''

'''返回字典'''
'''
def person(first_person,second_person):
    name={'first':first_person,'second':second_person}#把形参存储到字典
    return name #返回字典

message=person('gang','dong')
print(message)

#{'first': 'gang', 'second': 'dong'}

'''

'''设置一个可选实参age'''
'''
def person(first_person,second_person,age=''):
    name={'first':first_person,'second':second_person}#把形参存储到字典
    if age:
        name['age']=age #添加age到字典
    return name #返回字典

message=person('gang','dong')#实参没有age
print(message)

#{'first': 'gang', 'second': 'dong'}

message=person('gang','dong',27)#实参有age
print(message)

#{'first': 'gang', 'second': 'dong', 'age': 27}

print(type(message['age']))

#<class 'int'>

'''

'''结合使用函数+while循环'''
'''
def new_name(part1,part2):
    full_name=part1+' '+part2
    return full_name.title()

while True:
    print('please input your name')
    print("enter 'quit' to quit")

    p1_name=input('enter p1 name:')
    if p1_name=='quit':
        break

    p2_name=input('enter p2 name:')
    if p2_name=='quit':
        break

    message=new_name(p1_name,p2_name)
    print(message)
    

#Gang Dong

'''

'''传递列表'''
'''
def greet_user(names):
    for name in names:
        msg='hello, '+name.title()+'!'
        print(msg)

usernames=['gang','dong','laing']
greet_user(usernames)

#hello, Gang!

#hello, Dong!

#hello, Laing!

'''

'''在函数中修改列表'''
'''
def print_models(designs,models):
    while designs:
        design=designs.pop()
        print('print model:'+design)
        models.append(design)

def show_models(models):
    print('the follows model have been printed')
    for model in models:
        print(model)

designs=['gang','liang','dong']
models=[]
print_models(designs,models)
show_models(models)

'''

'''禁止函数修改列表,使用[:]创建列表的副本'''
'''
def print_models(designs,models):
    while designs:
        design=designs.pop()
        print('print model:'+design)
        models.append(design)

designs=['gang','liang','dong']
models=[]

print_models(designs,models)
print(designs)
#[] 
#使用[:]创建列表的副本
print_models(designs[:],models)
print(designs)
#['gang', 'liang', 'dong']
'''

'''传递任意数量的实参*toppings'''
'''
def make_pizza(*toppings):#*topping创建一个元组
    print(toppings)

make_pizza('naiyou')
#('naiyou',)
make_pizza('aaa','sss','dddd')

'''
'''#替换为一个循环
def make_pizza(*toppings):
    for topping in toppings:
        print('-'+topping)

make_pizza('naiyou')
make_pizza('aaa','sss','dddd')

'''结合使用位置实参和任意数量实参'''
'''
def make_pizza(size,*toppings):#*topping放在最后
    print('\nmaking a '+str(size)+'-inch pizza with the following topping:')
    for topping in toppings:
        print('-' + topping)

make_pizza(16,'naiyou')
make_pizza(12,'aaa','sss','dddd')

'''

'''使用任意数量的关键字实参'''
'''
def build_profile(first,last,**user_info):#**user_info创建一个空字典
    #创建一个字典
    profile={}
    profile['first_name']=first
    profile['last_name']=last
    for key,value in user_info.items():
        profile[key]=value
    return profile

user_profile=build_profile('aaa','bbb',location='ccc',filed='ddd')
print(user_profile)
#{'first_name': 'aaa', 'last_name': 'bbb', 'location': 'ccc', 'filed': 'ddd'}
'''

'''将函数存储在模块中,模块是.py文件'''
'''
#导入整个模块
import pizza

#调用模块内函数
pizza.make_pizza(16,'naiyou')
pizza.make_pizza(12,'aaa','sss','dddd')

'''

'''导入特定的函数,若需要导入同一模块内的多个函数，用逗号,分割'''
'''
#从模块中导入函数
from pizza import make_pizza

make_pizza(16,'naiyou')
make_pizza(12,'aaa','sss','dddd')

'''

'''使用as给函数指定别名'''
'''
#给make_pizza函数指定别名mp
from pizza import make_pizza as mp

mp(16,'naiyou')
mp(12,'aaa','sss','dddd')

'''

'''使用as给模块指定别名'''
'''
#给pizza模块指定别名p
import pizza as p

p.make_pizza(16,'naiyou')
p.make_pizza(12,'aaa','sss','dddd')

'''

'''导入模块中的所有函数,使用*运算符'''
'''
#导入pizza模块中的所有函数
from pizza import *

make_pizza(16,'naiyou')
make_pizza(12,'aaa','sss','dddd')

'''