android开发步步为营之4：HttpClient与HttpURLConnection的用法

        可以说目前市场上的android应用和游戏，客户端和服务端交互的主要方式是通过http请求实现的，因为方便，执行速度也快。本文主要介绍通过org.apache.http.client.HttpClient和java.net.HttpURLConnection实现http请求。包括Get和Post两种方式的调用方式。HttpClient需要和HttpGet、HttpPost、HttpEntity这几个类相互配合实现和服务端交互。HttpURLConnection则主要和InputStreamReader、 BufferedReader、DataOutputStream这几个类相互配合实现和服务端的交互。下面看完整的代码实现过程。

 

package com.figo.helloworld;

 

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.DataOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.URL;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

 

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

 

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.TextView;

 

/**

 * @author zhuzhifei 客户端和服务端通过http进行交互，返回json格式字符串

 *

 */

public class HttpActivity extends Activity {

         private Button btnHttpClientGet;

         private Button btnHttpClientPost;

         private Button btnHttpUrlConGet;

         private Button btnHttpUrlConPost;

         private TextView tvContent;

         private String tag = "HttpActivity";

 

         @Override

         protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

                   // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

                   setContentView(R.layout.httptest);

                   btnHttpClientGet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnHttpClientGet);

                   btnHttpClientPost = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnHttpClientPost);

                   btnHttpUrlConGet = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnHttpUrlConGet);

                   btnHttpUrlConPost = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnHttpUrlConPost);

                   tvContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvContent);

                   // HttpClient Get请求范例

                   btnHttpClientGet.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

 

                            @Override

                            public void onClick(View arg0) {

                                     tvContent.setText("");

                                     String httpUrl = "http://10.241.72.168:8083/figo/json/login.htm?userName=zhuzhifei&passWord=snda1234";

                                     // HttpGet连接对象

                                     HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(httpUrl);

                                     // 取得支持普通http请求的HttpClient对象

                                     HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

                                     // 如果需要支持Https ssl加密的请求方式则使用以下这种HttpClient

                                     // 请求HttpClient，取得HttpResponse

                                     HttpResponse httpResponse;

                                     try {

                                               httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);

                                               // 请求成功

                                               if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

                                                        // 取得返回的字符串

                                                        String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse

                                                                           .getEntity());

 

                                                        tvContent.setText(result);

                                               } else {

                                                        tvContent.setText("HttpGet请求出错");

                                               }

 

                                     } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

                                               // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                                               e.printStackTrace();

                                               tvContent.setText("HttpGet请求出错:" + e.getStackTrace());

                                     } catch (IOException e) {

                                               // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                                               e.printStackTrace();

                                               tvContent.setText("HttpGet请求出错:" + e.getStackTrace());

                                     }

 

                            }

                   });

                   // HttpClient Post请求范例

                   btnHttpClientPost.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

 

                            @Override

                            public void onClick(View arg0) {

                                     try {

                                               tvContent.setText("");

                                               // http地址

                                               String httpUrl = "http://10.241.72.168:8083/figo/json/login.htm";

                                               // HttpPost连接对象

                                               HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(httpUrl);

                                               // 使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的Post参数

                                               List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

                                               // 添加要传递的参数

                                               params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userName", "zhuzhifei"));

                                               params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("passWord", "snda1234"));

                                               // 设置字符集

                                               HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,

                                                                 "gb2312");

                                               // 请求httpRequest

                                               httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity);

                                               // 取得默认的HttpClient

                                               HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

                                               // 取得HttpResponse

                                               HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);

                                               // HttpStatus.SC_OK表示连接成功

                                               if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

                                                        // 取得返回的字符串

                                                        String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse

                                                                           .getEntity());

 

                                                        tvContent.setText(result);

                                               } else {

                                                        tvContent.setText("请求错误!");

                                               }

 

                                     } catch (Exception e) {

                                               // TODO: handle exception

                                     }

 

                            }

                   });

                   // HttpURLConnection Get请求范例

                   btnHttpUrlConGet.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

 

                            @Override

                            public void onClick(View arg0) {

                                     // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                                     // 使用HttpURLConnection打开连接

 

                                     try {

                                               tvContent.setText("");

                                               URL url = new URL(

                                                                 "http://10.241.72.168:8083/figo/json/login.htm?userName=zhuzhifei&passWord=snda1234");

 

                                               HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url

                                                                 .openConnection();

                                               // 得到读取的内容(流)

                                               InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn

                                                                 .getInputStream());

                                               // 为输出创建BufferedReader

                                               BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in);

                                               String inputLine = null;

                                               String result = "";

                                               // 使用循环来读取获得的数据

                                               while (((inputLine = buffer.readLine()) != null)) {

                                                        // 我们在每一行后面加上一个"\n"来换行

                                                        result += inputLine + "\n";

                                               }

 

                                               tvContent.setText(result);

                                               // 关闭InputStreamReader

                                               in.close();

                                               // 关闭http连接

                                               urlConn.disconnect();

                                     } catch (Exception e) {

                                               // TODO Auto-generated catch block

                                               e.printStackTrace();

                                     }

                            }

                   });

                   // HttpURLConnection Post请求范例

                   btnHttpUrlConPost.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

 

                            @Override

                            public void onClick(View arg0) {

                                     tvContent.setText("");

 

                                     try {

                                               // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                                               String httpUrl = "http://10.241.72.168:8083/figo/json/login.htm";

                                               // 获得的数据

                                               String result = "";

                                               URL url = new URL(httpUrl);

                                               // 使用HttpURLConnection打开连接

                                               HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url

                                                                 .openConnection();

                                               // 因为这个是post请求,设立需要设置为true

                                               urlConn.setDoOutput(true);

                                               urlConn.setDoInput(true);

                                               // 设置以POST方式

                                               urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");

                                               // Post 请求不能使用缓存

                                               urlConn.setUseCaches(false);

                                               urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);

                                               // 配置本次连接的Content-type，配置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded的

                                               urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",

                                                                 "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

                                               // 连接，从postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成，

                                               // 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect。

                                               urlConn.connect();

                                               // DataOutputStream流

                                               DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(urlConn

                                                                 .getOutputStream());

                                               // 要上传的参数

                                               String content = "userName=zhuzhifei&passWord=snda1234";

                                               // 将要上传的内容写入流中

                                               out.writeBytes(content);

                                               // 刷新、关闭

                                               out.flush();

                                               out.close();

 

                                               // 得到读取的内容(流)

                                               InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn

                                                                 .getInputStream());

                                               // 为输出创建BufferedReader

                                               BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in);

                                               String inputLine = null;

                                               // 使用循环来读取获得的数据

                                               while (((inputLine = buffer.readLine()) != null)) {

                                                        // 我们在每一行后面加上一个"\n"来换行

                                                        result += inputLine + "\n";

                                               }

 

                                               tvContent.setText(result);

                                     } catch (Exception e) {

                                     }

                            }

                   });

         }

}

另外请参考两者之间的区别：HttpClient和HttpUrlConnection之间的区别