在上一篇文章里说到了SAX的快速入门现在让我们来看看它的一个具体应用吧。
现在有这样的一个XML document:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<store>
<other_tag1 />
<type name="book" type_id="1" />
<other_tag3 />
<bookstore>
<other_tag2 />
<address addr="Shanghai, China" />
<other_tag4 />
<book category="COOKING" title="Everyday Italian" author="Giada De Laurentiis" year="2005" price="30.00" />
<book category="CHILDREN" title="Harry Potter" author="J K. Rowling" year="2005" price="29.99" />
</bookstore>
</store>我们要利用SAX提取<type name="book" type_id="1" />， <address addr="Shanghai, China" />， <book/>这几个nodes的信息，我们因该怎么做呢？
现在有这样的一个思路：利用SAX，当一遇到node的localName 为“type”, "address", "book"的时候，就停下来抓取信息。这时候，我觉得一个方法就是在
startElement里面加上if/ else if/ else 这样的判断，这样虽然很直接明了，但是很傻，因为如果要解析的xml内容少还好，如果要抓取的信息量极大的话，那得
要多少个if/ else if/ else ?!现在我们换一个新的方法来处理这件事情：把需要追踪的元素形成一个“类似XML元素树”，例如，我们要追踪的全部元素为“store”,
“type”,"bookstore","address","book",树的结构为：
store
|
--------------
| |
type bookstore
|
-----------
| |
address book
追踪的代码：
root.track("store", new StoreTracker());
root.track("store/type", new TypeTracker());
root.track("store/bookstore", new BookStoreTracker());
root.track("store/bookstore/address", new AddrTracker());
root.track("store/bookstore/book", new BookTracker());
public void track(String tagName, TagTracker tracker) {
int slashOffset = tagName.indexOf("/");
if(slashOffset < 0) {
trackers.put(tagName, tracker);
} else if(slashOffset == 0) {
// "/a/b" --> "a/b" and continue.
track(tagName.substring(1), tracker);
} else {
String topTagName = tagName.substring(0, slashOffset);
String remainderOfTagName = tagName.substring(slashOffset + 1);
TagTracker child = trackers.get(topTagName);
if(child == null) {
child = new TagTracker();
trackers.put(topTagName, child);
}
child.track(remainderOfTagName, tracker);
}
}这样，在整个"root" element下有"store"节点，在“store”下有“type”和“bookstore”节点，在"bookstore"下又有“address”和"book"节点，形成了我们实际需要追踪的
“元素树”.
我们知道，SAX是通过startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,Attributes attr)和 endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName)来获取元素的uri,localName,attributes等诸如信息的（如果要获取元素里的文本信息，需要调用characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)）。每一个元素都应该有一个特定的的方法来收集这个元素的信息(包括元素里的文本信息)：
// get information of the element "type"
private class TypeTracker extends TagTracker {
public TypeTracker() {
}
@Override
public void onStart(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes attr) throws Exception {
String name = attr.getValue("name");
String typeId = attr.getValue("type_id");
// handle these info. ...
}
@Override
public void onEnd(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents) {
// get the characters data inside the element
String text = contents.toString();
// handle this text...
}
}好了，现在让我们来看看，是怎么让SAX挑出我们所需要追踪的元素并解析的吧(自动忽略其他的元素)。
TagTracker.java的全部代码：
package com.desmond.xml.sax;
import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Stack;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
public class TagTracker {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TagTracker.class);
private Hashtable<String, TagTracker> trackers = new Hashtable<String, TagTracker>();
// use to skip these un-choiced elements
private static SkippingTagTracker skip = new SkippingTagTracker();
public TagTracker() {
}
/**
* track all elements need to be tracked.
* @param tagName the absolute path of the tracked element
* @param tracker the detail handler to parse a special element
*/
public void track(String tagName, TagTracker tracker) {
int slashOffset = tagName.indexOf("/");
if (slashOffset < 0) {
// if it is a simple tag name (no "/" sperators) simple add it.
trackers.put(tagName, tracker);
} else if (slashOffset == 0) {
// "/a/b" --> "a/b" and continue.
track(tagName.substring(1), tracker);
} else {
String topTagName = tagName.substring(0, slashOffset);
String remainderOfTagName = tagName.substring(slashOffset + 1);
TagTracker child = trackers.get(topTagName);
if (child == null) {
child = new TagTracker();
trackers.put(topTagName, child);
}
child.track(remainderOfTagName, tracker);
}
}
/**
* start to parse a element, which will be invoked by SAX's startElement.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param attr
* @param tagStack "tracked element tree"
* @throws Exception
*/
public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes attr, Stack<TagTracker> tagStack)
throws Exception {
TagTracker tracker = trackers.get(localName);
// not found this tag track.
if (tracker == null) {
log.debug("Skipping tag:[" + localName + "]");
tagStack.push(skip);
} else {
log.debug("Tracking tag:[" + localName + "]");
onDeactivate();
tracker.onStart(namespaceURI, localName, qName, attr);
tagStack.push(tracker);
}
}
/**
* end to parse a element, which will be invoked by SAX's endElement.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param contents
* @param tagStack current element
* @throws Exception
*/
public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents, Stack tagStack) throws Exception {
log.debug("Finished tracking tag:[" + localName + "]");
try {
onEnd(namespaceURI, localName, qName, contents);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
// clean up the stack
tagStack.pop();
// send the reactivate event
TagTracker activeTracker = (TagTracker) tagStack.peek();
if (activeTracker != null) {
log.debug("Reactivating pervious tag tracker.");
activeTracker.onReactivate();
}
}
/**
* detail method to start to parse the special element.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param attr
* @throws Exception
*/
public void onStart(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attr) throws Exception {
}
public void onDeactivate() throws Exception {
}
/**
* detail method to end to parse the special element.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param contents
*/
public void onEnd(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents) {
}
public void onReactivate() throws Exception {
}
}
TagTracker tracker = trackers.get(localName);
// not found this tag track.
if (tracker == null) {
log.debug("Skipping tag:[" + localName + "]");
tagStack.push(skip);
} else {
log.debug("Tracking tag:[" + localName + "]");
onDeactivate();
tracker.onStart(namespaceURI, localName, qName, attr);
tagStack.push(tracker);
}如果tracker为null，说明这个元素不是我们想要解析的那些，因此要"跳过",如何去跳过，这里用到了另一个类SkippingTagTracker,它所做的事情就是去跳过这个
元素，代码如下：
package com.desmond.xml.sax;
import java.util.Stack;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
public class SkippingTagTracker extends TagTracker {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SkippingTagTracker.class);
public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName, Attributes attr,
Stack tagStack) {
log.debug("Skipping tag[" + localName + "]...");
tagStack.push(this);
}
public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName, Attributes attr,
Stack tagStack) {
log.debug("Finished skipping tag:[" + localName + "]");
tagStack.pop();
}
}tracker.onStart(namespaceURI, localName, qName, attr);元素，等所有的子元素都处理完了，才调用endElement结束这个元素（这个也是SAX处理元素的规则，这里只是用到了这一点而已）。
综上所述，整个事件的处理流程是：使用TagTracker追踪所需要的元素-------> 利用TagTracker的 track方法递归调用形成”元素树“-------> 利用这些
”元素树“去判断当前的元素是不是应该被解析-------> 不被解析就跳过，被解析，再去判断他的子元素。一种这样递归地完成真个解析过程。
附全部代码(SaxMapper.java/ SkippingTagTracker.java/ TagTracker.java/ TestMain.java, 共四个类).
SaxMapper.java
package com.desmond.xml.sax;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Stack;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory;
public class SaxMapper extends DefaultHandler{
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SaxMapper.class);
private String file = "";
protected Stack<TagTracker> tagStack = new Stack<TagTracker>();
protected XMLReader xr;
protected CharArrayWriter contents = new CharArrayWriter();
protected boolean parseOnly;
protected Configuration config;
public SaxMapper() throws Exception {
try {
xr = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
log.info("Creating the tag tracker network.");
tagStack.push(createTagTrackerNetwork());
log.info("Tag Tracker network created.");
}
@Override
public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attr) throws SAXException {
contents.reset();
TagTracker ativeTracker = (TagTracker) tagStack.peek();
try {
ativeTracker.startElement(namespaceURI, localName, qName, attr, tagStack);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new SAXException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
TagTracker activeTracker = (TagTracker) tagStack.peek();
try {
activeTracker.endElement(namespaceURI, localName, qName, contents, tagStack);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new SAXException(e);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
contents.write(ch, start, length);
}
protected InputSource getSource(String fileName) throws IOException {
File xmlFile = new File(fileName);
byte[] xmlBytes = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(xmlFile);
return new InputSource(new ByteArrayInputStream(xmlBytes));
}
protected void parseXML() throws IOException, Exception {
parse(getSource(getFileName()));
}
protected void parse(InputSource in) throws Exception{
parseOnly = true;
xr.setContentHandler(this);
log.info("start to parse...");
xr.parse(in);
log.info("end to parse...");
}
protected TagTracker createTagTrackerNetwork() {
TagTracker root = new TagTracker();
root.track("store", new StoreTracker());
root.track("store/type", new TypeTracker());
root.track("store/bookstore", new BookStoreTracker());
root.track("store/bookstore/address", new AddrTracker());
root.track("store/bookstore/book", new BookTracker());
return root;
}
protected String getFileName() {
return file;
}
protected void setFileName(String fileName) {
this.file = fileName;
}
private class StoreTracker extends TagTracker {
public StoreTracker() {
}
@Override
public void onStart(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes attr) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void onEnd(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents) {
}
}
// get information of the element "type"
private class TypeTracker extends TagTracker {
public TypeTracker() {
}
@Override
public void onStart(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes attr) throws Exception {
String name = attr.getValue("name");
String typeId = attr.getValue("type_id");
// handle these info. ...
}
@Override
public void onEnd(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents) {
// get the characters data inside the element
String text = contents.toString();
// handle this text...
}
}
private class BookStoreTracker extends TagTracker {
public BookStoreTracker() {
}
}
private class AddrTracker extends TagTracker {
public AddrTracker() {
}
@Override
public void onStart(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes attr) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void onEnd(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents) {
}
}
private class BookTracker extends TagTracker {
public BookTracker() {
}
@Override
public void onStart(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes attr) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void onEnd(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents) {
}
}
}
SkippingTagTracker.java
package com.desmond.xml.sax;
import java.util.Stack;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
public class SkippingTagTracker extends TagTracker {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(SkippingTagTracker.class);
public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName, Attributes attr,
Stack tagStack) {
log.debug("Skipping tag[" + localName + "]...");
tagStack.push(this);
}
public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName, Attributes attr,
Stack tagStack) {
log.debug("Finished skipping tag:[" + localName + "]");
tagStack.pop();
}
}
TagTracker
package com.desmond.xml.sax;
import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Stack;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
public class TagTracker {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TagTracker.class);
private Hashtable<String, TagTracker> trackers = new Hashtable<String, TagTracker>();
// use to skip these un-choiced elements
private static SkippingTagTracker skip = new SkippingTagTracker();
public TagTracker() {
}
/**
* track all elements need to be tracked.
* @param tagName the absolute path of the tracked element
* @param tracker the detail handler to parse a special element
*/
public void track(String tagName, TagTracker tracker) {
int slashOffset = tagName.indexOf("/");
if (slashOffset < 0) {
// if it is a simple tag name (no "/" sperators) simple add it.
trackers.put(tagName, tracker);
} else if (slashOffset == 0) {
// "/a/b" --> "a/b" and continue.
track(tagName.substring(1), tracker);
} else {
String topTagName = tagName.substring(0, slashOffset);
String remainderOfTagName = tagName.substring(slashOffset + 1);
TagTracker child = trackers.get(topTagName);
if (child == null) {
child = new TagTracker();
trackers.put(topTagName, child);
}
child.track(remainderOfTagName, tracker);
}
}
/**
* start to parse a element, which will be invoked by SAX's startElement.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param attr
* @param tagStack "tracked element tree"
* @throws Exception
*/
public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName,
String qName, Attributes attr, Stack<TagTracker> tagStack)
throws Exception {
TagTracker tracker = trackers.get(localName);
// not found this tag track.
if (tracker == null) {
log.debug("Skipping tag:[" + localName + "]");
tagStack.push(skip);
} else {
log.debug("Tracking tag:[" + localName + "]");
onDeactivate();
tracker.onStart(namespaceURI, localName, qName, attr);
tagStack.push(tracker);
}
}
/**
* end to parse a element, which will be invoked by SAX's endElement.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param contents
* @param tagStack current element
* @throws Exception
*/
public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents, Stack tagStack) throws Exception {
log.debug("Finished tracking tag:[" + localName + "]");
try {
onEnd(namespaceURI, localName, qName, contents);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
// clean up the stack
tagStack.pop();
// send the reactivate event
TagTracker activeTracker = (TagTracker) tagStack.peek();
if (activeTracker != null) {
log.debug("Reactivating pervious tag tracker.");
activeTracker.onReactivate();
}
}
/**
* detail method to start to parse the special element.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param attr
* @throws Exception
*/
public void onStart(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attr) throws Exception {
}
public void onDeactivate() throws Exception {
}
/**
* detail method to end to parse the special element.
* @param namespaceURI
* @param localName
* @param qName
* @param contents
*/
public void onEnd(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName,
CharArrayWriter contents) {
}
public void onReactivate() throws Exception {
}
}
TestMain.java
package com.desmond.xml.sax;
public class TestMain {
/**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SaxMapper mapper = new SaxMapper();
if(args.length > 0) {
mapper.setFileName(args[0]);
mapper.parseXML();
} else {
System.out.println("no file configurated! please configurate it.");
}
}
}
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