Python机器学习与深度学习之一：机器学习入门第一个例子

机器学习项目过程

• 导入数据
• 数据特征
• 数据可视化
• 评估算法
• 实施预测
• 分析结果

一、导入类库及数据

1、导入类库

import pandas as pd
from sklearn import datasets
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

2、导入数据

names = ['separ-length','separ-width','petal-length','petal-width','class']
data  = pd.read_csv(r'D:/iris.csv',names = names)

二、数据特征

1、数据的维度:查看数据的行数及列数、列名。

data.shape

data.columns

2、查看数据前5行

data.head()

3、统计数据信息

data.describe()

4、数据分组

data.groupby('class').size()

三、数据可视化

1、箱线图

data.plot(kind = 'box',subplots = True, layout = (2,2),sharex = False, sharey = False)
plt.show()

2、直方图

data.hist()
plt.show()

3、散点矩阵图

pd.plotting.scatter_matrix(data,color = 'r')
plt.show()

三、评估算法

1、分离出X_train , Y_train 用来训练算法创建模型， X_validation和Y_validation用来评估验证评估模型。

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

array = data.values

X = array[:,0:4]
Y = array[:,4]

validation_size = 0.2
seed = 7

X_train, X_validation, Y_train, Y_validation = train_test_split(X,Y, test_size = validation_size, random_state = seed)

2、创建模型

from sklearn.model_selection import KFold
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
from sklearn.discriminant_analysis import LinearDiscriminantAnalysis

models = {}

kfold = KFold(n_splits = 10, random_state = seed)
models['LDA'] = LinearDiscriminantAnalysis()

results = []

cv_results = cross_val_score(models['LDA'],X_train, Y_train, cv = kfold, scoring = 'accuracy')

print('线性判别分析 (LDA): 准确率 %f' % (cv_results.mean()))

四、实施预测及结果分析

from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

lda = LinearDiscriminantAnalysis()

lda.fit(X = X_train, y = Y_train)
predictions = lda.predict(X_validation)
print(accuracy_score(Y_validation,predictions))
print(confusion_matrix(Y_validation,predictions))
print(classification_report(Y_validation,predictions))

通过结果，可以看到准确率是0.97。通过冲突矩阵看到只有一个数据预测错误。最后提供一个包含精确率（precision）,召回率(recall)，F1值（f1-score）数据的报告。