python的class和import中各种变量的使用

test1.py

#!/usr/bin/python
#encoding:utf-8
 
global_variable_1 = 'global_variable'    # define global variable
 
class MyClass():

    class_var_1 = 'class_val_1' # define class variable 
    
    def __init__(self, param):
        self.object_var_1 = param # define object variable 
        self.object_var_2 = 'object_val_2' 
        self.object_func3()
 
    def object_func1(self, param):
        print(global_variable_1)
        local_var_1 = param # define lcoal variable 
        local_var_2 = 'local_val_2' 
        self.internal_var_1 = 'internal_val_1' # define internal variable 
        print(local_var_1) 
        print(local_var_2) 
        print(MyClass.class_var_1) 
        print(self.class_var_1)
        print(self.object_var_1) 
        print(self.object_var_2)
        print(self.internal_var_1) 
        #print(local_var_3) # we can't use local variable in another function         
 
    def object_func2(self, param='func_val_1'):
        local_var_3 = param 
        print(local_var_3) 
 
    def object_func3(self, param='func_val_1'):
        self.object_var_3 = param 
        self.object_var_4 = 'object_val_4'         
            
    # define class function
    def class_func4():
        print(global_variable_1) 
        print(MyClass.class_var_1)        
 
if __name__ == '__main__':

    myObject = MyClass('object_val_1')
        
    print(global_variable_1)    
    print(MyClass.class_var_1) 
    #print(MyClass.object_var_1) # we can't use object variable here
    print(myObject.object_var_1) 
    print(myObject.object_var_2) 
    print(myObject.object_var_3)
    print(myObject.object_var_4)  
    #print(myObject.internal_var_1) # we can't use internal_var_1 untill object_func1 is executed
    
    myObject.object_func1('local_var_1') 
    myObject.object_func2('local_var_3') 
    #MyClass.object_func2(myObject, 'local_var_3') # internal variable can't be used in this function
    MyClass.class_func4() 
    #myObject.class_func4()  #we can't use object function here    
    

1. 类变量：能够通过类名或者object的self来访问到，在类的内部和外部均可达，如class_var_1

2. 对象变量：可以通过对象的self来使用的变量，如object_var_1, object_var_2, object_var_3, object_var_4

3. 内部变量：可以在函数中定义，并加上self前缀，在初次调用过定义的函数后，就可以在后面的对象的函数中被使用，如internal_var_1

4. 局部变量：在函数内部定义并使用的变量，在使用完之后就会被回收，对类及object不可见，如local_var_3

5. 全局变量：定义在类或者函数外部，作用域在变量被定义之后的任意代码段，如global_var_1

test2.py

# encoding=gbk
import test1

print(test1.global_variable_1 )
print(test1.MyClass.class_var_1)
#print(test1.MyClass.object_func2.local_var_3 ) # we can't use local variable here