本文介绍了如何使用C#通过Windows自带的库连接小米体重秤，获取并解析体重秤的历史记录数据。作者创建了一个BleCore类来处理蓝牙设备的搜索、连接、服务和特征的获取。在获取到特定特征后，通过写入特定数据来触发体重秤发送历史记录。接收到的数据经过解析后，可以用于绘制体重变化的折线图，从而简化了通过手机APP查看数据的步骤。
目录
前言
最近天天再减肥，每天起床第一件事就是去小米体重秤上测下体重，每天都要打开小米运动APP去连接BLE蓝牙，感觉好繁琐......
于是我自己写了个程序去获取体重秤的历史数据，画个折线图体重就一目了然，省去了手机上的操作
结合之前再Unity中使用Unity Bluetooth LE Plugin for Android去使用 维特BWT901系列的九轴陀螺仪 过几天再写这个文章
本文只做记录，内容、为什么还请自行研究
准备工作
- 笔记本自带蓝牙，台式机没有蓝牙怎么办，直接TB买个蓝牙5.0的适配器就行了，长得如图所示
- 如何判断低功耗蓝牙是否可以使用？打开设备管理器有下图标识就代表你的蓝牙可以使用低功耗蓝牙
- 稍微用“C# 蓝牙”这样的关键词百度、Google下，就会发现InTheHand.Net.Personal.dll这个支持库，貌似对低功耗蓝牙很不友好，暂时就没使用了，后续研究下在写
官网网址（将在2021年7月1日之后关闭）
Git网址 - 笔记本有蓝牙,打开window自带的蓝牙管理页面，发现是能扫描到BLE蓝牙设备，比如小米手环、小米体重秤、fitbit手环等等
那我们是不是可以直接用window自带的库去使用呢？答案是肯定的
新建.net Framework 4.6 工程
在右键解决方案->添加->引用->浏览
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\UnionMetadata\10.0.19041.0\Facade\windows.winmd把这个引用进去
可以开心的瞎搞了
微软BLE方法介绍
BluetoothGATTGetIncludedServices
BluetoothGATTGetCharacteristics
BluetoothGATTGetCharacteristicValue
BluetoothGATTGetDescriptorValue
BluetoothGATTBeginReliableWrite
BluetoothGATTSetCharacteristicValue
BluetoothGATTAbortReliableWrite
BluetoothGATTSetDescriptorValue
自行研读下把
构建代码
- 此类包含连接、扫描、发送、获取服务/特性。
class BleCore
{
private bool asyncLock = false;
/// <summary>
/// 当前连接的服务
/// </summary>
public GattDeviceService CurrentService { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// 当前连接的蓝牙设备
/// </summary>
public BluetoothLEDevice CurrentDevice { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// 写特征对象
/// </summary>
public GattCharacteristic CurrentWriteCharacteristic { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// 通知特征对象
/// </summary>
public GattCharacteristic CurrentNotifyCharacteristic { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// 存储检测到的设备
/// </summary>
public List<BluetoothLEDevice> DeviceList { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// 特性通知类型通知启用
/// </summary>
private const GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue CHARACTERISTIC_NOTIFICATION_TYPE = GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue.Notify;
/// <summary>
/// 定义搜索蓝牙设备委托
/// </summary>
public delegate void DeviceWatcherChangedEvent(BluetoothLEDevice bluetoothLEDevice);
/// <summary>
/// 搜索蓝牙事件
/// </summary>
public event DeviceWatcherChangedEvent DeviceWatcherChanged;
/// <summary>
/// 获取服务委托
/// </summary>
public delegate void CharacteristicFinishEvent(int size);
/// <summary>
/// 获取服务事件
/// </summary>
public event CharacteristicFinishEvent CharacteristicFinish;
/// <summary>
/// 获取特征委托
/// </summary>
public delegate void CharacteristicAddedEvent(GattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic);
/// <summary>
/// 获取特征事件
/// </summary>
public event CharacteristicAddedEvent CharacteristicAdded;
/// <summary>
/// 接受数据委托
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
public delegate void RecDataEvent(GattCharacteristic sender, byte[] data);
/// <summary>
/// 接受数据事件
/// </summary>
public event RecDataEvent Recdate;
/// <summary>
/// 当前连接的蓝牙Mac
/// </summary>
private string CurrentDeviceMAC { get; set; }
private BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher Watcher = null;
public BleCore()
{
DeviceList = new List<BluetoothLEDevice>();
}
/// <summary>
/// 搜索蓝牙设备
/// </summary>
public void StartBleDeviceWatcher()
{
Watcher = new BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher();
Watcher.ScanningMode = BluetoothLEScanningMode.Active;
// only activate the watcher when we're recieving values >= -80
Watcher.SignalStrengthFilter.InRangeThresholdInDBm = -80;
// stop watching if the value drops below -90 (user walked away)
Watcher.SignalStrengthFilter.OutOfRangeThresholdInDBm = -90;
// register callback for when we see an advertisements
Watcher.Received += OnAdvertisementReceived;
// wait 5 seconds to make sure the device is really out of range
Watcher.SignalStrengthFilter.OutOfRangeTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(5000);
Watcher.SignalStrengthFilter.SamplingInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000);
// starting watching for advertisements
Watcher.Start();
Console.WriteLine("自动发现设备中..");
}
/// <summary>
/// 停止搜索蓝牙
/// </summary>
public void StopBleDeviceWatcher()
{
if (Watcher != null)
this.Watcher.Stop();
}
/// <summary>
/// 主动断开连接
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void Dispose()
{
CurrentDeviceMAC = null;
CurrentService?.Dispose();
CurrentDevice?.Dispose();
CurrentDevice = null;
CurrentService = null;
CurrentWriteCharacteristic = null;
CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = null;
Console.WriteLine("主动断开连接");
}
/// <summary>
/// 匹配
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Device"></param>
public void StartMatching(BluetoothLEDevice Device)
{
this.CurrentDevice = Device;
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送数据接口
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void Write(byte[] data)
{
if (CurrentWriteCharacteristic != null)
{
CurrentWriteCharacteristic.WriteValueAsync(CryptographicBuffer.CreateFromByteArray(data), GattWriteOption.WriteWithResponse).Completed = (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>
{
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed)
{
GattCommunicationStatus a = asyncInfo.GetResults();
Console.WriteLine("发送数据：" + BitConverter.ToString(data) + " State : " + a);
}
};
}
}
/// 获取蓝牙服务
/// </summary>
public void FindService()
{
this.CurrentDevice.GetGattServicesAsync().Completed = (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>
{
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed)
{
var services = asyncInfo.GetResults().Services;
Console.WriteLine("GattServices size=" + services.Count);
foreach (GattDeviceService ser in services)
{
FindCharacteristic(ser);
}
CharacteristicFinish?.Invoke(services.Count);
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 按MAC地址直接组装设备ID查找设备
/// </summary>
public void SelectDeviceFromIdAsync(string MAC)
{
CurrentDeviceMAC = MAC;
CurrentDevice = null;
BluetoothAdapter.GetDefaultAsync().Completed = (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>
{
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed)
{
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = asyncInfo.GetResults();
byte[] _Bytes1 = BitConverter.GetBytes(mBluetoothAdapter.BluetoothAddress);//ulong转换为byte数组
Array.Reverse(_Bytes1);
string macAddress = BitConverter.ToString(_Bytes1, 2, 6).Replace('-', ':').ToLower();
string Id = "BluetoothLE#BluetoothLE" + macAddress + "-" + MAC;
Matching(Id);
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取操作
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void SetOpteron(GattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic)
{
byte[] _Bytes1 = BitConverter.GetBytes(this.CurrentDevice.BluetoothAddress);
Array.Reverse(_Bytes1);
this.CurrentDeviceMAC = BitConverter.ToString(_Bytes1, 2, 6).Replace('-', ':').ToLower();
string msg = "正在连接设备<" + this.CurrentDeviceMAC + ">..";
Console.WriteLine(msg);
if (gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == GattCharacteristicProperties.Write)
{
this.CurrentWriteCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;
}
if (gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == GattCharacteristicProperties.Notify)
{
this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;
}
if ((uint)gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == 26)
{
}
if (gattCharacteristic.CharacteristicProperties == (GattCharacteristicProperties.Write | GattCharacteristicProperties.Notify))
{
this.CurrentWriteCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;
this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = gattCharacteristic;
this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic.ProtectionLevel = GattProtectionLevel.Plain;
this.CurrentNotifyCharacteristic.ValueChanged += Characteristic_ValueChanged;
this.CurrentDevice.ConnectionStatusChanged += this.CurrentDevice_ConnectionStatusChanged;
this.EnableNotifications(CurrentNotifyCharacteristic);
}
}
private void OnAdvertisementReceived(BluetoothLEAdvertisementWatcher watcher, BluetoothLEAdvertisementReceivedEventArgs eventArgs)
{
BluetoothLEDevice.FromBluetoothAddressAsync(eventArgs.BluetoothAddress).Completed = (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>
{
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed)
{
if (asyncInfo.GetResults() == null)
{
//Console.WriteLine("没有得到结果集");
}
else
{
BluetoothLEDevice currentDevice = asyncInfo.GetResults();
if (DeviceList.FindIndex((x) => { return x.Name.Equals(currentDevice.Name); }) < 0)
{
this.DeviceList.Add(currentDevice);
DeviceWatcherChanged?.Invoke(currentDevice);
}
}
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取特性
/// </summary>
private void FindCharacteristic(GattDeviceService gattDeviceService)
{
this.CurrentService = gattDeviceService;
this.CurrentService.GetCharacteristicsAsync().Completed = (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>
{
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed)
{
var services = asyncInfo.GetResults().Characteristics;
foreach (var c in services)
{
this.CharacteristicAdded?.Invoke(c);
}
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 搜索到的蓝牙设备
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private void Matching(string Id)
{
try
{
BluetoothLEDevice.FromIdAsync(Id).Completed = (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>
{
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed)
{
BluetoothLEDevice bleDevice = asyncInfo.GetResults();
this.DeviceList.Add(bleDevice);
Console.WriteLine(bleDevice);
}
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Started)
{
Console.WriteLine(asyncStatus.ToString());
}
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Canceled)
{
Console.WriteLine(asyncStatus.ToString());
}
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Error)
{
Console.WriteLine(asyncStatus.ToString());
}
};
}
catch (Exception e)
{
string msg = "没有发现设备" + e.ToString();
Console.WriteLine(msg);
this.StartBleDeviceWatcher();
}
}
private void CurrentDevice_ConnectionStatusChanged(BluetoothLEDevice sender, object args)
{
if (sender.ConnectionStatus == BluetoothConnectionStatus.Disconnected && CurrentDeviceMAC != null)
{
if (!asyncLock)
{
asyncLock = true;
Console.WriteLine("设备已断开");
//this.CurrentDevice?.Dispose();
//this.CurrentDevice = null;
//CurrentService = null;
//CurrentWriteCharacteristic = null;
//CurrentNotifyCharacteristic = null;
//SelectDeviceFromIdAsync(CurrentDeviceMAC);
}
}
else
{
if (!asyncLock)
{
asyncLock = true;
Console.WriteLine("设备已连接");
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置特征对象为接收通知对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="characteristic"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private void EnableNotifications(GattCharacteristic characteristic)
{
Console.WriteLine("收通知对象=" + CurrentDevice.Name + ":" + CurrentDevice.ConnectionStatus);
characteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorAsync(CHARACTERISTIC_NOTIFICATION_TYPE).Completed = (asyncInfo, asyncStatus) =>
{
if (asyncStatus == AsyncStatus.Completed)
{
GattCommunicationStatus status = asyncInfo.GetResults();
if (status == GattCommunicationStatus.Unreachable)
{
Console.WriteLine("设备不可用");
if (CurrentNotifyCharacteristic != null && !asyncLock)
{
this.EnableNotifications(CurrentNotifyCharacteristic);
}
return;
}
asyncLock = false;
Console.WriteLine("设备连接状态" + status);
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 接受到蓝牙数据
/// </summary>
private void Characteristic_ValueChanged(GattCharacteristic sender, GattValueChangedEventArgs args)
{
byte[] data;
CryptographicBuffer.CopyToByteArray(args.CharacteristicValue, out data);
Recdate?.Invoke(sender, data);
}
}- 我们如何去使用呢？
class Progame
{
private static BleCore bleCore = null;
private static List<GattCharacteristic> characteristics = new List<GattCharacteristic>();
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
bleCore = new BleCore();
bleCore.DeviceWatcherChanged += DeviceWatcherChanged;
bleCore.CharacteristicAdded += CharacteristicAdded;
bleCore.CharacteristicFinish += CharacteristicFinish;
bleCore.Recdate += Recdata;
bleCore.StartBleDeviceWatcher();
Console.ReadKey(true);
bleCore.Dispose();
bleCore = null;
}
private static void CharacteristicFinish(int size)
{
if (size <= 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("设备未连上");
return;
}
}
private static void Recdata(GattCharacteristic sender, byte[] data)
{
string str = BitConverter.ToString(data);
Console.WriteLine(sender.Uuid + " " + str);
}
private static void CharacteristicAdded(GattCharacteristic gatt)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"handle:[0x{0}] char properties:[{1}] UUID:[{2}]",
gatt.AttributeHandle.ToString("X4"),
gatt.CharacteristicProperties.ToString(),
gatt.Uuid);
characteristics.Add(gatt);
}
private static void DeviceWatcherChanged(BluetoothLEDevice currentDevice)
{
byte[] _Bytes1 = BitConverter.GetBytes(currentDevice.BluetoothAddress);
Array.Reverse(_Bytes1);
string address = BitConverter.ToString(_Bytes1, 2, 6).Replace('-', ':').ToLower();
Console.WriteLine("发现设备：<" + currentDevice.Name + "> address:<" + address + ">");
//指定一个对象，使用下面方法去连接设备
//ConnectDevice(currentDevice);
}
private static void ConnectDevice(BluetoothLEDevice Device)
{
characteristics.Clear();
bleCore.StopBleDeviceWatcher();
bleCore.StartMatching(Device);
bleCore.FindService();
}
}- 那么运行成功并且有蓝牙设备，如下图所示
- 如果运行成功没有蓝牙设备，如下图所示
- PC上如何判断蓝牙是否开启呢？
打开cmd，输入ipconfig -all，如果有 “以太网适配器 蓝牙网络连接” 的字样， 证明你的蓝牙是开启的
从代码层面如何来实现?
NetworkInterface[] network = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
用这个方法去检查有没有蓝牙或者去匹配你的蓝牙适配器的mac地址
如何连接小米体重秤
在DeviceWatcherChanged的事件中去调用ConnectDevice方法，入参就是指定的BLE蓝牙设备
if (bluetoothLEDevice.Name.Equals("MI SCALE2") || bluetoothLEDevice.DeviceId.Contains("c8:47:8c:a0:2b:db"))
{
ConnectDevice(bluetoothLEDevice);
}
小米体重秤的特征：
handle: 0x0002, char properties: 0x0a, char value handle: 0x0003, uuid: 00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0004, char properties: 0x0a, char value handle: 0x0005, uuid: 00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0006, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0007, uuid: 00002a02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0008, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0009, uuid: 00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x000b, char properties: 0x22, char value handle: 0x000c, uuid: 00002a05-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x000f, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0010, uuid: 00002a25-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0011, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0012, uuid: 00002a27-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0013, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0014, uuid: 00002a28-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0015, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0016, uuid: 00002a23-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0017, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0018, uuid: 00002a50-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x001a, char properties: 0x0a, char value handle: 0x001b, uuid: 00002a2b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x001c, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x001d, uuid: 00002a9e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x001e, char properties: 0x20, char value handle: 0x001f, uuid: 00002a9d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x0021, char properties: 0x18, char value handle: 0x0022, uuid: 00002a2f-0000-3512-2118-0009af100700
handle: 0x0025, char properties: 0x18, char value handle: 0x0026, uuid: 00001531-0000-3512-2118-0009af100700
handle: 0x0028, char properties: 0x04, char value handle: 0x0029, uuid: 00001532-0000-3512-2118-0009af100700
handle: 0x002a, char properties: 0x1a, char value handle: 0x002b, uuid: 00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
handle: 0x002d, char properties: 0x1a, char value handle: 0x002e, uuid: 00001542-0000-3512-2118-0009af100700
handle: 0x0030, char properties: 0x1a, char value handle: 0x0031, uuid: 00001543-0000-3512-2118-0009af100700
这里有很多的特征，我们不知道这些特征代表什么，不过git上有人对这些做过详细说明，这里我们只要找到历史记录的特征码
我们在特征都获取完的时候去找到指定的特征
GattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic = characteristics.Find((x) =>{return x.Uuid.Equals(new Guid("00002a2f-0000-3512-2118-0009af100700")); });
bleCore.SetOpteron(gattCharacteristic);
bleCore.Write(new byte[] { 0x01, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, });
bleCore.Write(new byte[] { 0x02 });
PS：写入的0x01, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF以及 0x02不用管为什么要写这玩意
小米体重秤历史记录解析
我们接收到的消息：
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 36 33 e3 07 0b 09 09 19 28 22 18 33 e3 07 0b 09 09 29 07
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 16 3a e3 07 0b 09 09 2a 1d 22 ba 31 e3 07 0b 09 09 2a 28
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 56 31 e3 07 0b 09 09 2a 2e 22 16 3a e3 07 0b 09 09 2a 36
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 20 08 e3 07 0b 09 0f 02 21 22 96 0a e3 07 0b 09 0f 06 1a
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 62 0c e3 07 0b 09 0f 08 20 22 40 33 e3 07 0b 09 0f 11 0d
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 c6 39 e3 07 0b 09 0f 1c 0d 22 5e 33 e3 07 0b 09 0f 27 1f
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 d0 39 e3 07 0b 09 0f 31 18 22 18 33 e3 07 0b 09 0f 31 35
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 16 3a e3 07 0b 09 10 02 0a 22 4e 39 e3 07 0b 0d 0b 04 2e
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 22 62 39 e3 07 0b 0e 0a 2c 35
Notification handle = 0x0022 value: 03
03是结尾符，每10个byte为一条数据
| byte | function |
|---|---|
| 0 | status byte: - Bit 0: lbs unit - Bit 1-3: unknown - Bit 4: jin unit - Bit 5: stabilized - Bit 6: unknown - Bit 7: weight removed |
| 1-2 | weight (little endian) |
| 3-4 | year (little endian) |
| 5 | month |
| 6 | day |
| 7 | hour |
| 8 | minute |
| 9 | second |
第1-2位为体重数据，小端存储。单位为斤（磅）
float weight_kg = Convert.ToInt32(BinaryConversion(date[2], date[1]), 16) / 100f / 2;
最后得出的就是体重
结语
由于我不知道小米运动的底层如何是做稳定连接的，所以我们获取完之后会，过一阵子就会主动断开连接，所以需要手动去做断线重连
在CurrentDevice_ConnectionStatusChanged中把注释掉的注回来就行了
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