HTML与Python生成验证码的对比分析

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-08 17:47:43 发布

FLK_9090

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-08 17:47:43 发布

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文章标签： html python 前端验证码

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/flk_9090/article/details/140061802

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前言

验证码（CAPTCHA）是确保用户行为为人类而非机器人自动执行的一种安全机制。通过图形、文字、或其他手段生成复杂的验证码来防止自动化攻击是一种常见的方法。本文将对比分析使用HTML与JavaScript和Python生成验证码的两种方式，探讨各自的优劣之处。

HTML与JavaScript生成验证码

以下是用HTML与JavaScript生成验证码的代码示例：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.net/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <title>验证码示例</title>
    <style>
        #v_container {
            width: 200px;
            height: 50px;
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        #verifyCanvas {
            display: block;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="v_container"></div>
    <input type="text" id="code_input" placeholder="请输入验证码"/>
    <button id="my_button">验证</button>

    <script>
    (function(window, document) {
        function GVerify(options) {
            this.options = {
                id: options.id || "",
                canvasId: "verifyCanvas",
                width: options.width || "100",
                height: options.height || "30",
                type: options.type || "blend",
                code: "",
                numArr: "0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9".split(","),
                letterArr: getAllLetter()
            };

            this._init();
            this.refresh();
        }

        GVerify.prototype = {
            _init: function() {
                var con = document.getElementById(this.options.id);
                var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
                this.options.width = con.offsetWidth || 100;
                this.options.height = con.offsetHeight || 30;
                canvas.id = this.options.canvasId;
                canvas.width = this.options.width;
                canvas.height = this.options.height;
                con.appendChild(canvas);

                var parent = this;
                canvas.onclick = function() {
                    parent.refresh();
                }
            },
            refresh: function() {
                this.options.code = "";
                var canvas = document.getElementById(this.options.canvasId);
                var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
                ctx.textBaseline = "middle";
                ctx.fillStyle = randomColor(180, 240);
                ctx.fillRect(0, 0, this.options.width, this.options.height);

                var txtArr = this.options.type === "blend" ? this.options.numArr.concat(this.options.letterArr)
                            : this.options.type === "number" ? this.options.numArr
                            : this.options.letterArr;

                for (var i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
                    var txt = txtArr[randomNum(0, txtArr.length)];
                    this.options.code += txt;
                    ctx.font = randomNum(this.options.height / 2, this.options.height) + 'px SimHei';
                    ctx.fillStyle = randomColor(50, 160);
                    ctx.shadowOffsetX = randomNum(-3, 3);
                    ctx.shadowOffsetY = randomNum(-3, 3);
                    ctx.shadowBlur = randomNum(-3, 3);
                    ctx.shadowColor = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3)";
                    var x = this.options.width / 5 * i;
                    var y = this.options.height / 2;
                    var deg = randomNum(-30, 30);
                    ctx.translate(x, y);
                    ctx.rotate(deg * Math.PI / 180);
                    ctx.fillText(txt, 0, 0);
                    ctx.rotate(-deg * Math.PI / 180);
                    ctx.translate(-x, -y);
                }

                for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                    ctx.strokeStyle = randomColor(40, 180);
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(randomNum(0, this.options.width), randomNum(0, this.options.height));
                    ctx.lineTo(randomNum(0, this.options.width), randomNum(0, this.options.height));
                    ctx.stroke();
                }

                for (var i = 0; i < this.options.width / 4; i++) {
                    ctx.fillStyle = randomColor(0, 255);
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(randomNum(0, this.options.width), randomNum(0, this.options.height), 1, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
                    ctx.fill();
                }
            },
            validate: function(code) {
                return code.toLowerCase() === this.options.code.toLowerCase();
            }
        }

        function getAllLetter() {
            var letterStr = "a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z";
            return letterStr.split(",");
        }

        function randomNum(min, max) {
            return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min) + min);
        }

        function randomColor(min, max) {
            var r = randomNum(min, max);
            var g = randomNum(min, max);
            var b = randomNum(min, max);
            return "rgb(" + r + "," + g + "," + b + ")";
        }

        window.GVerify = GVerify;
    })(window, document);

    var verifyCode = new GVerify({id: "v_container", width: 200, height: 50});
    document.getElementById("my_button").onclick = function() {
        var res = verifyCode.validate(document.getElementById("code_input").value);
        alert(res ? "验证正确" : "验证码错误");
    }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

Python生成验证码

以下是用Python生成验证码的代码示例：

import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import string


def create_CAPTCHA_content(length=4):
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
    return ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length))


def generate_random_color():
    return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))


image = Image.new("RGB", (300, 100), generate_random_color())
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
font = ImageFont.truetype(r'C:\Windows\Fonts\simhei.ttf', size=30)

CAPTCHA_text = create_CAPTCHA_content()

for i, char in enumerate(CAPTCHA_text):
    color = generate_random_color()
    position = (50 + i * 60, random.randint(15, 50))
    draw.text(position, text=char, font=font, fill=color)

for _ in range(random.randint(7, 15)):
    start_point = (random.randint(0, 300), random.randint(0, 100))
    end_point = (random.randint(0, 300), random.randint(0, 100))
    draw.line([start_point, end_point], fill=generate_random_color(), width=2)

print(CAPTCHA_text)
image.show()
image.save("CAPTCHA.png")