驱动程序之_1_字符设备_11_LCD驱动_1_粗浅分析

本文所讲的LCD驱动程序使用到了分离分层的思想，以内核代码为例分析
抽象层位于drvier/video/fbmem.c

在入口函数中，创建字符设备，创建类

fbmem_init(void)
{
	create_proc_read_entry("fb", 0, NULL, fbmem_read_proc, NULL);

	if (register_chrdev(FB_MAJOR,"fb",&fb_fops))
		printk("unable to get major %d for fb devs\n", FB_MAJOR);

	fb_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "graphics");
	if (IS_ERR(fb_class)) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create fb class; errno = %ld\n", PTR_ERR(fb_class));
		fb_class = NULL;
	}
	return 0;
}

当有具体的程序使用这套机制时，必然需要向它注册一个结构体，注册函数如下，它在类中创建了设备（fb_info->dev），并且将fb_info存入registered_fb数组，此后，对lcd的操作都会先通过registered_fb数组来查找设备，再对其进行操作

int register_framebuffer(struct fb_info *fb_info)
{
	int i;
	struct fb_event event;
	struct fb_videomode mode;

	if (num_registered_fb == FB_MAX)
		return -ENXIO;
	num_registered_fb++;
	for (i = 0 ; i < FB_MAX; i++)
		if (!registered_fb[i])
			break;
	fb_info->node = i;

	fb_info->dev = device_create(fb_class, fb_info->device,
				     MKDEV(FB_MAJOR, i), "fb%d", i);
	if (IS_ERR(fb_info->dev)) {
		/* Not fatal */
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create device for framebuffer %d; errno = %ld\n", i, PTR_ERR(fb_info->dev));
		fb_info->dev = NULL;
	} else
		fb_init_device(fb_info);

	if (fb_info->pixmap.addr == NULL) {
		fb_info->pixmap.addr = kmalloc(FBPIXMAPSIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (fb_info->pixmap.addr) {
			fb_info->pixmap.size = FBPIXMAPSIZE;
			fb_info->pixmap.buf_align = 1;
			fb_info->pixmap.scan_align = 1;
			fb_info->pixmap.access_align = 32;
			fb_info->pixmap.flags = FB_PIXMAP_DEFAULT;
		}
	}	
	fb_info->pixmap.offset = 0;

	if (!fb_info->pixmap.blit_x)
		fb_info->pixmap.blit_x = ~(u32)0;

	if (!fb_info->pixmap.blit_y)
		fb_info->pixmap.blit_y = ~(u32)0;

	if (!fb_info->modelist.prev || !fb_info->modelist.next)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fb_info->modelist);

	fb_var_to_videomode(&mode, &fb_info->var);
	fb_add_videomode(&mode, &fb_info->modelist);
	registered_fb[i] = fb_info;

	event.info = fb_info;
	fb_notifier_call_chain(FB_EVENT_FB_REGISTERED, &event);
	return 0;
}

例如：open函数会调用到fb_open，fb_open中通过次设备号从数组中找到设备再打开，其他操作与之类似，不一一赘述

static int
fb_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	int fbidx = iminor(inode);
	struct fb_info *info;
	int res = 0;

	if (fbidx >= FB_MAX)
		return -ENODEV;
#ifdef CONFIG_KMOD
	if (!(info = registered_fb[fbidx]))
		try_to_load(fbidx);
#endif /* CONFIG_KMOD */
	if (!(info = registered_fb[fbidx]))
		return -ENODEV;
	if (!try_module_get(info->fbops->owner))
		return -ENODEV;
	file->private_data = info;
	if (info->fbops->fb_open) {
		res = info->fbops->fb_open(info,1);
		if (res)
			module_put(info->fbops->owner);
	}
	return res;
}

具体的驱动程序在内核中有很多，其中一个在driver/video/s3c2410fb.c
在入口函数中注册了一个平台驱动

int __devinit s3c2410fb_init(void)
{
	return platform_driver_register(&s3c2410fb_driver);
}

当有device与之匹配时，调用s3c2410fb_probe，函数代码较长，这里只列出其中的一小部分，总的来说完成了lcd的初始化工作：分配结构体、设置结构体、硬件初始化、注册结构体等等

	fbinfo = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct s3c2410fb_info), &pdev->dev);
	
	fbinfo->fix.type	    = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
	fbinfo->fix.type_aux	    = 0;
	fbinfo->fix.xpanstep	    = 0;
	fbinfo->fix.ypanstep	    = 0;
	fbinfo->fix.ywrapstep	    = 0;
	fbinfo->fix.accel	    = FB_ACCEL_NONE;	
	fbinfo->var.nonstd	    = 0;
	fbinfo->var.activate	    = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;
	fbinfo->var.height	    = mach_info->height;
	fbinfo->var.width	    = mach_info->width;
	fbinfo->var.accel_flags     = 0;
	fbinfo->var.vmode	    = FB_VMODE_NONINTERLACED;

	ret = s3c2410fb_init_registers(info);
	
	ret = register_framebuffer(fbinfo);

根据平台驱动名字搜索可以找到，同名的平台设备在arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/devs.c中定义

struct platform_device s3c_device_lcd = {
	.name		  = "s3c2410-lcd",
	.id		  = -1,
	.num_resources	  = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_lcd_resource),
	.resource	  = s3c_lcd_resource,
	.dev              = {
		.dma_mask		= &s3c_device_lcd_dmamask,
		.coherent_dma_mask	= 0xffffffffUL
	}
};

s3c_device_lcd结构在arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smkd2440.c中被注册

static struct platform_device *smdk2440_devices[] __initdata = {
	&s3c_device_usb,
	&s3c_device_lcd,
	&s3c_device_wdt,
	&s3c_device_i2c,
	&s3c_device_iis,
};
static void __init smdk2440_machine_init(void)
{
	s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(&smdk2440_lcd_cfg);

	platform_add_devices(smdk2440_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_devices));
	smdk_machine_init();
}