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本文为英语笔记
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名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子 在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语和同位语
主语从句的引导词:
1、连接词 that,whether 和 if (用的很少)。
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.
2、关系代词 who,whom,whose,whatever,which。
Who will come is not known.
3、关系副词 when,why,how 和 where 等。
How she survived the accident is a myth(神话).
【注意】大多数主语从句都可以用 it 代替,做形式主语,而真正的主语从句则置于句尾。that引导的主语从句可用 it
代替,that 不能省略。
例子:
1、( What this amounts to ), of course, is ( that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings ).
译文: 当然, 这就等于说:这位科学家成了自己论文的受害者。
主语:What this amounts to 这几乎等于说
主语从句主语:this
主语从句谓语:amounts to 等于,相当于
谓语:is
表语:that后面引导的从句
表语从句主语:the scientist
表语从句谓语:has become
表语从句表语:the victim of his own writings
【注意】of course ,“当然” ,起强调作用
重点词汇:
amount to 等于;总计
victim /'viktim/ n. 受害者
writing /'raitŋ/ n.著述,笔迹,作品
2、( What is odd ) is ( that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of
their parents and grandparents ).
译文:不可思议的是他们也许会从抱负中大获裨益——如果不是自己的抱负,但至少也是他们父母或祖父母的抱负。
主语:What is odd
主语从句主语:what
主语从句谓语:is
主语从句表语:odd
谓语:is
表语:that后面引导的从句
表语从句主语:they
表语从句谓语:have benefited from已经从……中获益
【注意】破折号后 if 引导的部分是一个对 ambition 进行补充说明的语法成分
重点词汇:
odd /ɔd/ adj. 古怪的
benefit from从……中获益
ambition /æm'biʃən/ n. 抱负,野心
3、( what they found ), in attempting to model thought, is ( that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve
cells are much more talented -- and human perception far more complicated -- than previously imagined ).
译文:在试图模仿人类思维的过程中,研究人员发现,人类大脑中大约有一千亿个神经细胞,这些细胞蕴含着比以前
科学家所想象的还要多得多的智慧——而人类的感知则更复杂。
主语:What they found
主语从句主语:they
主语从句谓语:found
主语从句宾语:what
谓语:is
表语:that后面引导的从句由and连接的两个并列的比较句
human perception前省略了引导词that,后面省略了谓语动词is
插入语:介词短语 in attempting to model thought试图模仿人类的思维
【注意】它将主语What they found 和谓语is 隔开,属于主谓分裂
重点词汇:
roughly /'rʌfli/ adv. 概略地,粗糙地
nerve cells 神经细胞
perception /pə'sepʃən/ n. 认识,观念
complicated /'kɔmplikeitid/ adj. 复杂的,难懂的
previously /'pri:vju:sli/ adv. 以前(预先)
4、( Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice
versa(反之) ) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
译文:政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是采取相反的做法,这往往取决于它把
哪方面看作驱动的力量。
主语:Whether the Government ... or vice versa
主语从句主语:the Government
主语从句谓语:should increase
主语从句宾语:the financing of pure science
谓语:depend on
宾语:the issue(后跟一个由which引导的定语从句)
【注意】whether ... or是 …还是…并列关系
重点词汇:
financing /fi'nænsiŋ/ n. 资金,融资
at the expense of 作为……的代价
versa /'və:sə/ adj.反的
driving force 驱动的力量