名词性从句——专升本语法

一.概念

1.定义:具有名词性质的从句。
2.分类:

主语从句:从句在主句中做主语
宾语从句:从句在主句中做宾语
表语从句:从句在主句中做表语
同位语从句:从句与前面的抽象名词构成同位语关系

二.连接词

that 只起连接作用

eg:   The fact is______he loves the girl.

三.解题方法:

①划分从句
②判断从句是否完整
(1)五大基本句型（2）被动语态
③根据句意选择正确连接词
如何划分从句:
若后有两个谓语动词，从__到第二个谓动前为从句
若后有一个谓语动词，从__到最后为从句。
连接词的选择方法:当从句不完整(缺主宾表)，用连接代词
                              当从句完整(不缺主宾表)，用连接副词

Eg: I don't know._where__he lives.
_why__he is always late.
_what__he has done.
_who__is his girlfriend.
_That__I missed him is a pity. .

四.从句的分类

1.主语从句从句位于谓语动词或系动词之前，在复合句中做主语)
Eg:What she has done hurts him deeply.
That his wife left him is sad.
考点:
（1）一个句子做主语，谓语动词一般情况下用单数形式，
（2）that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.

2007.  __you ought to do is to see a doctor.
A.Which
B.What
C.How
D.That

2.宾语从句(从句位于及物动词或介词后，在复合句中做宾语)
Eg: I don't know what he told you.(tell sb sth)
She said that/省略 she would go to college.
He asked me whether/if I was willing to go with him.
I said that/省略 it depended on the weather.
He was not satisfied with whatI said.
考点：

1) that引导宾 语从句时可省略

2)宾语从句的时态(主现从随便,主过从必过,真理永一现)
当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可用任何时态
I know (that) he studies English every day.
                     he studied English last year.
                     he will study English next year.
                     he has studied English since 1998.

当主句是一般过去时，从句必须是过去时间下的某种时态
(过去进行时，过去完成时，一般过去时..)过将
He said (that) he had finished (finish) the work for 2 weeks.
若宾语从句是格言谚语,客观真理，自然规律时宾语从
句仍然用一般现在时
He said (that) the sun rises (rise) in the east.

真题链接：

1.They discussed___they could settle the problem without others' help
A. If
B. that .
C. what
D. whether
2. I truly believe____she is innocent.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. that
3. We are all interested in___is called“smart cell phone”.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how

3.表语从句 (位于系动词之后，在复合句中做表语)
The reason/why he was latelis that he missed the bus.
注:
1)句型the reason why..is th.....的原因是...”
2)如何区分定语从句和名词性从句（主、宾、表）
从句去掉以后句子仍然完整--定语从句
从句去掉以后句子不完整-名词性从句
1. Is this___we met each other two years ago
A. place
B. place in which
C. where.
D. place which
2.The problem is__will go to the meeting.
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. who
3.That is__he likes the place so much.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. how
4.The reason___I have to go is_
my mother is ill in bed.
A.why; why
B.why; because
C.why; that
D.that,because
5.___he really means is____he disagrees with us.
A. What ... that
B. That ... what
C. Why ... that
D. If ... what

四.同位语从句
①常由that引导
②从句前有抽象名词
③从句是完整的(不缺主宾表)
Miss Wei, our English teacher, is very kind to us.
作用:同位语从句是对从句前的抽象名词进行解释说明。
在专升本考试中，同位语从句有以下特征:
①常由that引导
②从句前有抽象名词
③从句是完整的(不缺主宾表)
Miss Wei, our English teacher, is very kind to us.

常见的抽象名词: news/message/information, hope/wish(希望), advice/suggestion(建议),
proof/evidence(证据), doubt, idea/opinion(意见), belief/faith(信念), thought, conclusion(结论), promise(承诺),fact/truth(事实)等等。
区分:
They got the news___the train would arrive on schedule.(同位语从)
I got the news____he told me the other day.（定从）
A./
B. that
C.which
D. whether
做题方法:
若前有抽象名词，从句完整则是同位语从句;
不完整则是定语从句。
但无论完整还是不完整，优先选择that.
注：同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容进行表述
eg：
The news that Tom won the game is true.
The news that you heard(听) is true.

真题链接:（同位语从句）

The news____ our football team had won the matchJexcited all of us.
A what
B.which
C.that
/
D.as
There is a lot of. evidence____too much stress is partly responsible for the disease.
A.what
B .which
D.that

五. whether和if的区别: 

①whether用于所有的名词性从句，而if只能用于宾从。
②whether可与or not连用，而if不能与or not连用。
③介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导，可用whether。

表"是否"用whether 不用 if 的情况
口诀：前有介词狼，后有to do 虎 ,句末 or not.
主表用whether:
（1）与 or not 连用
（2）引导主从位于句首时
（3）引导表从
（2）介词后的宾词

六.名词性从句中的注意事项: 

1.为表示强调，可在连接词后-ever. -ever用法在名从中与其原形
相同，译为"无论......"
例:
_____comes first will get a prize.
A.Who
B. Whom
C. Whomever .
D. Whoever 
____you do is right.
A.Whatever
B.Whichever
C.What
D.Which

真题链接:
In order to search for the escaped prisoner,the police decide to question
comes along this road.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever 
D. whomever 
comes back first is supposed to win the prize.
A. One who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. No matter who(只用于状语从句)
区别:
无论.....
no matter~:用于引导状语从句
- ever:
用于引导名词性从句和状语从句

2.名词性从句中的否定转移:
若主句主语是第一入称 I / We, 且谓语动think/believe/suppose/conside等时，会发生否定转移。
例:
I think that he is not right. X
-→I don't think he is right.✔ 翻译成中文否定在后

3.名从中插入语的用法:插入语要放在连接词和从句
的谓语动词之间。常见的插入语有: I think, I believe等。
例: I am curious about what I think is intersting.
插入语的作用:锦上添花，分析句子时不用分析。

4.宾语从句的语序
宾从用陈述语序：（主语+谓语+其他）
eg: she asked me (who had helped him).

七. It作形式主语

常用句型：
(1)It + be + 名词(名词词组)+主语从句

eg：It is a fact (that he is a responsable man).

(2)It be + adj. + 主句从句

eg: It is obvious that he is lying。

名从综合练习:
1. His success was because of the truth___he had been working hard.
A. that
B. which
C. in which
D. of which
2.___makes mistakes must correct them immediately.
A. What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
3. The reason why I went to Hawaii was__a new  job.
A. because I got
B. because of getting
C.I got
D. that I got
4. See the flags on top of the building? That was__we did this morning.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. what
5. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why____
A. did he do that
B. he did that
C. he did
D. he has done so
6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child___he or she wants.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
7.___he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
A.That
B. Whatever
C. Whether
D. where
8.____makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What
B. Who
C. Whatever
D. Whoever