计算机中的浮点数 - 关于浮点数的编程需要注意什么

计算机中的浮点数 - 关于浮点数的编程需要注意什么

flyfish

其他部分请看
计算机中的浮点数 - 为什么十进制的 0.1 在计算机中是一个无限循环小数
计算机中的浮点数 - 二进制和十进制之间转换

在使用浮点数编程时会检查浮点数的范围, 直接比较可能失败，则会使用 epsilon 进行比较；检查特殊值等。

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>

int main() {

    //检查浮点数的范围
    double maxDouble = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
    double minDouble = std::numeric_limits<double>::min();
    std::cout << "maxDouble" << maxDouble<<std::endl;
    std::cout << "minDouble:" << minDouble<<std::endl;
    double a = 0.1;
    double b = 0.2;
    double c = 0.3;

    // 直接比较可能失败
    if (a + b == c) {
        std::cout << "a + b == c" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "a + b != c" << std::endl;
    }

    // 使用 epsilon 进行比较
    const double epsilon = 1e-9;
    if (fabs((a + b) - c) < epsilon) {
        std::cout << "a + b is approximately equal to c" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "a + b is not approximately equal to c" << std::endl;
    }

    // 检查特殊值
    double d = 0.0;
    double e = 1.0 / d; // Infinity
    double f = 0.0 / d; // NaN

    if (std::isinf(e)) {
        std::cout << "e is Infinity" << std::endl;
    }

    if (std::isnan(f)) {
        std::cout << "f is NaN" << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

maxDouble1.79769e+308
minDouble:2.22507e-308
a + b != c
a + b is approximately equal to c
e is Infinity
f is NaN

区分正无穷和负无穷

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <cmath>

int main() {
    // 创建正无穷和负无穷
    double pos_inf = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    double neg_inf = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();

    // 检查 pos_inf 是否为无穷
    if (std::isinf(pos_inf)) {
        if (pos_inf > 0) {
            std::cout << "pos_inf is positive infinity." << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cout << "pos_inf is negative infinity." << std::endl;
        }
    } else {
        std::cout << "pos_inf is not infinity." << std::endl;
    }

    // 检查 neg_inf 是否为无穷
    if (std::isinf(neg_inf)) {
        if (neg_inf > 0) {
            std::cout << "neg_inf is positive infinity." << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cout << "neg_inf is negative infinity." << std::endl;
        }
    } else {
        std::cout << "neg_inf is not infinity." << std::endl;
    }

    // 测试其他例子
    double a = 1.0 / 0.0;  // 正无穷
    double b = -1.0 / 0.0; // 负无穷

    if (std::isinf(a)) {
        if (a > 0) {
            std::cout << "a is positive infinity." << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cout << "a is negative infinity." << std::endl;
        }
    } else {
        std::cout << "a is not infinity." << std::endl;
    }

    if (std::isinf(b)) {
        if (b > 0) {
            std::cout << "b is positive infinity." << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::cout << "b is negative infinity." << std::endl;
        }
    } else {
        std::cout << "b is not infinity." << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

pos_inf is positive infinity.
neg_inf is negative infinity.
a is positive infinity.
b is negative infinity.