data science(7)数据整理 学习- Working with dates

Working with dates

## Starting simple
d1 = date()
d1
[1] "Sun Jan 12 17:48:33 2014"
class(d1)
[1] "character"

## Date class
d2 = Sys.Date()
d2
[1] "2014-01-12"
class(d2)
[1] "Date"

## Formatting dates

`%d` = day as number (0-31), `%a` = abbreviated weekday,`%A` = unabbreviated weekday, `%m` = month (00-12), `%b` = abbreviated month,
`%B` = unabbrevidated month, `%y` = 2 digit year, `%Y` = four digit year
format(d2,"%a %b %d")
[1] "Sun Jan 12"

## Creating dates
x = c("1jan1960", "2jan1960", "31mar1960", "30jul1960"); z = as.Date(x, "%d%b%Y")
[1] "1960-01-01" "1960-01-02" "1960-03-31" "1960-07-30"
z[1] - z[2]
Time difference of -1 days
as.numeric(z[1]-z[2])
[1] -1

## Converting to Julian 
weekdays(d2)
[1] "Sunday"
months(d2)
[1] "January"
julian(d2)
[1] 16082
attr(,"origin")
[1] "1970-01-01"
## Lubridate 
library(lubridate); ymd("20140108")
[1] "2014-01-08 UTC"
mdy("08/04/2013")
[1] "2013-08-04 UTC"
dmy("03-04-2013")
[1] "2013-04-03 UTC"
[http://www.r-statistics.com/2012/03/do-more-with-dates-and-times-in-r-with-lubridate-1-1-0/](http://www.r-statistics.com/2012/03/do-more-with-dates-and-times-in-r-with-lubridate-1-1-0/)

## Dealing with times
ymd_hms("2011-08-03 10:15:03")
[1] "2011-08-03 10:15:03 UTC"
ymd_hms("2011-08-03 10:15:03",tz="Pacific/Auckland")
[1] "2011-08-03 10:15:03 NZST"
?Sys.timezone
[http://www.r-statistics.com/2012/03/do-more-with-dates-and-times-in-r-with-lubridate-1-1-0/](http://www.r-statistics.com/2012/03/do-more-with-dates-and-times-in-r-with-lubridate-1-1-0/)

## Some functions have slightly different syntax
x = dmy(c("1jan2013", "2jan2013", "31mar2013", "30jul2013"))
wday(x[1])`
[1] 3
wday(x[1],label=TRUE)
[1] Tues
Levels: Sun < Mon < Tues < Wed < Thurs < Fri < Sat

## Notes and further resources

* More information in this nice lubridate tutorial [http://www.r-statistics.com/2012/03/do-more-with-dates-and-times-in-r-with-lubridate-1-1-0/](http://www.r-statistics.com/2012/03/do-more-with-dates-and-times-in-r-with-lubridate-1-1-0/)
* The lubridate vignette is the same content [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lubridate/vignettes/lubridate.html](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lubridate/vignettes/lubridate.html)
* Ultimately you want your dates and times as class "Date" or the classes "POSIXct", "POSIXlt". For more information type `?POSIXlt`