Unix Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

原文地址 http://www.pathname.com/fhs/

 

 

1. Introduction

    Purpose
    Conventions

2. The Filesystem
3. The Root Filesystem

    Purpose
    Requirements
    Specific Options
    /bin : Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)

        Purpose
        Requirements
        Specific Options

    /boot : Static files of the boot loader

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /dev : Device files

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /etc : Host-specific system configuration

        Purpose
        Requirements
        Specific Options
        /etc/opt : Configuration files for /opt
        /etc/X11 : Configuration for the X Window System (optional)
        /etc/sgml : Configuration files for SGML (optional)
        /etc/xml : Configuration files for XML (optional)

    /home : User home directories (optional)

        Purpose
        Requirements

    /lib : Essential shared libraries and kernel modules

        Purpose
        Requirements
        Specific Options

    /lib<qual> : Alternate format essential shared libraries (optional)

        Purpose
        Requirements

    /media : Mount point for removeable media

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /mnt : Mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem

        Purpose

    /opt : Add-on application software packages

        Purpose
        Requirements

    /root : Home directory for the root user (optional)

        Purpose

    /sbin : System binaries

        Purpose
        Requirements
        Specific Options

    /srv : Data for services provided by this system

        Purpose

    /tmp : Temporary files

        Purpose

4. The /usr Hierarchy

    Purpose
    Requirements
    Specific Options
    /usr/X11R6 : X Window System, Version 11 Release 6 (optional)

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /usr/bin : Most user commands

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /usr/include : Directory for standard include files.

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /usr/lib : Libraries for programming and packages

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /usr/lib<qual> : Alternate format libraries (optional)

        Purpose
        /usr/local : Local hierarchy

    /usr/local/share
    /usr/sbin : Non-essential standard system binaries

        Purpose

    /usr/share : Architecture-independent data

        Purpose
        Requirements
        Specific Options
        /usr/share/dict : Word lists (optional)
        /usr/share/man : Manual pages
        /usr/share/misc : Miscellaneous architecture-independent data
        /usr/share/sgml : SGML data (optional)
        /usr/share/xml : XML data (optional)

    /usr/src : Source code (optional)

        Purpose

5. The /var Hierarchy

    Purpose
    Requirements
    Specific Options
    /var/account : Process accounting logs (optional)

        Purpose

    /var/cache : Application cache data

        Purpose
        Specific Options
        /var/cache/fonts : Locally-generated fonts (optional)
        /var/cache/man : Locally-formatted manual pages (optional)

    /var/crash : System crash dumps (optional)

        Purpose

    /var/games : Variable game data (optional)

        Purpose

    /var/lib : Variable state information

        Purpose
        Requirements
        Specific Options
        /var/lib/<editor> : Editor backup files and state (optional)
        /var/lib/hwclock : State directory for hwclock (optional)
        /var/lib/misc : Miscellaneous variable data

    /var/lock : Lock files

        Purpose

    /var/log : Log files and directories

        Purpose
        Specific Options

    /var/mail : User mailbox files (optional)

        Purpose

    /var/opt : Variable data for /opt

        Purpose

    /var/run : Run-time variable data

        Purpose
        Requirements

    /var/spool : Application spool data

        Purpose
        Specific Options
        /var/spool/lpd : Line-printer daemon print queues (optional)
        /var/spool/rwho : Rwhod files (optional)

    /var/tmp : Temporary files preserved between system reboots

        Purpose

    /var/yp : Network Information Service (NIS) database files (optional)

        Purpose

6. Operating System Specific Annex

    Linux

        / : Root directory
        /bin : Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)
        /dev : Devices and special files
        /etc : Host-specific system configuration
        /lib64 and /lib32 : 64/32-bit libraries (architecture dependent)
        /proc : Kernel and process information virtual filesystem
        /sbin : Essential system binaries
        /usr/include : Header files included by C programs
        /usr/src : Source code
        /var/spool/cron : cron and at jobs

7. Appendix

    The FHS mailing list
    Background of the FHS
    General Guidelines
    Scope
    Acknowledgments
    Contributors