linux soket编程（tcp）

服务端

linux socket服务端编码一般包括以下六个步骤：

1. 向内核申请一个套接字，调用socket方法。
2. 绑定地址到套接字上，调用bind方法。
3. 在socket套接字上，监听并允许接入呼叫，调用listen方法。
4. 等待/接收呼叫，调用accept方法。
5. 传输数据，调用read/write等方法。
6. 关闭连接，调用close方法。

示例代码如下：

/* timeserv.c - a socket-based time of day server
 */

#include  <stdio.h>
#include  <unistd.h>
#include  <sys/types.h>
#include  <sys/socket.h>
#include  <netinet/in.h>
#include  <netdb.h>
#include  <time.h>
#include  <strings.h>

#define   PORTNUM  13000   /* our time service phone number */
#define   HOSTLEN  256
#define   oops(msg)      { perror(msg) ; exit(1) ; }

int main(int ac, char *av[])
{
	struct  sockaddr_in   saddr;   /* build our address here */
	struct	hostent		*hp;   /* this is part of our    */
	char	hostname[HOSTLEN];     /* address 	         */
	int	sock_id,sock_fd;       /* line id, file desc     */
	FILE	*sock_fp;              /* use socket as stream   */
	char    *ctime();              /* convert secs to string */
	time_t  thetime;               /* the time we report     */

      /*
       * Step 1: ask kernel for a socket
       */

	sock_id = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );    /* get a socket */
	if ( sock_id == -1 ) 
		oops( "socket" );

      /*
       * Step 2: bind address to socket.  Address is host,port
       */

	bzero( (void *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr) ); /* clear out struct     */

	gethostname( hostname, HOSTLEN );       /* where am I ?         */
	hp = gethostbyname( hostname );         /* get info about host  */
	                                        /* fill in host part    */
	bcopy( (void *)hp->h_addr, (void *)&saddr.sin_addr, hp->h_length);
	saddr.sin_port = htons(PORTNUM);        /* fill in socket port  */
	saddr.sin_family = AF_INET ;            /* fill in addr family  */

	if ( bind(sock_id, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) != 0 )
	       oops( "bind" );

      /*
       * Step 3: allow incoming calls with Qsize=1 on socket
       */

	if ( listen(sock_id, 1) != 0 ) 
		oops( "listen" );

      /*
       * main loop: accept(), write(), close()
       */

	while ( 1 ){
	       sock_fd = accept(sock_id, NULL, NULL); /* wait for call */
		printf("Wow! got a call!\n");
	       if ( sock_fd == -1 )
		       oops( "accept" );       /* error getting calls  */

	       sock_fp = fdopen(sock_fd,"w");  /* we'll write to the   */
	       if ( sock_fp == NULL )          /* socket as a stream   */
		       oops( "fdopen" );       /* unless we can't      */

	       thetime = time(NULL);           /* get time             */
					       /* and convert to strng */
	       fprintf( sock_fp, "The time here is .." );
	       fprintf( sock_fp, "%s", ctime(&thetime) ); 
	       fclose( sock_fp );              /* release connection   */
	}
}

客户端

socket客户端一般分为四个步骤：

向内核请求建立socket。调用socket。

与服务器相连。调用connect。

传送数据。调用read，write等方法。

挂断。调用close。

示例代码如下：

/* timeclnt.c - a client for timeserv.c
 *              usage: timeclnt hostname portnumber
 */
#include       <stdio.h>
#include       <sys/types.h>
#include       <sys/socket.h>
#include       <netinet/in.h>
#include       <netdb.h>

#define        oops(msg)       { perror(msg); exit(1); }

main(int ac, char *av[])
{
	struct sockaddr_in  servadd;        /* the number to call */
	struct hostent      *hp;            /* used to get number */
	int    sock_id, sock_fd;            /* the socket and fd  */
	char   message[BUFSIZ];             /* to receive message */
	int    messlen;                     /* for message length */

     /*
      * Step 1: Get a socket
      */

	sock_id = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );    /* get a line   */
	if ( sock_id == -1 ) 
		oops( "socket" );          		/* or fail      */

     /*
      * Step 2: connect to server
      *         need to build address (host,port) of server  first
      */

	bzero( &servadd, sizeof( servadd ) );   /* zero the address     */

	hp = gethostbyname( av[1] );            /* lookup host's ip #   */
	if (hp == NULL) 
		oops(av[1]);            	/* or die               */
	bcopy(hp->h_addr, (struct sockaddr *)&servadd.sin_addr, hp->h_length);

	servadd.sin_port = htons(atoi(av[2]));  /* fill in port number  */

	servadd.sin_family = AF_INET ;          /* fill in socket type  */

						       /* now dial     */
	if ( connect(sock_id,(struct sockaddr *)&servadd, sizeof(servadd)) !=0)
	       oops( "connect" );

     /*
      * Step 3: transfer data from server, then hangup
      */

	messlen = read(sock_id, message, BUFSIZ);     /* read stuff   */
	if ( messlen == - 1 )
	       oops("read") ;
	if ( write( 1, message, messlen ) != messlen )  /* and write to */
	       oops( "write" );                        /* stdout       */
	close( sock_id );    
}