Spring Cloud alibaba 使用Nacos服务发现

没事儿写两篇

已于 2022-12-30 11:03:49 修改

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分类专栏：人在江湖之Spring Cloud aibaba 文章标签：服务发现 spring cloud Nacos 负载均衡

于 2022-12-30 10:58:53 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/forlinkext/article/details/128491882

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Provider 服务端

服务端我们复用前篇Spring Cloud alibaba 使用Nacos配置中心的代码

修改启动类

在启动类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient 注解开启服务注册发现功能

package com.yyoo.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = {"com.yyoo"})
@EnableDiscoveryClient // 开启服务注册发现功能
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

就此我们的服务端就已经完成了。我们后续的示例会用到前篇示例中的TestController

在application.properties配置中添加如下配置

# 当前应用的访问端口
server.port=8702
# 当前应用的访问上下文
server.servlet.context-path=/myCloud
# 当前服务名称
spring.application.name=myCloudConsumer

# 配置Nacos注册中心
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
# 不配置默认是${spring.application.name}的值
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.service=myCloudConsumer

Consumer消费端

pom.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>CloudConsumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <build.name>CloudConsumer</build.name>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

        <spring.cloud.version>2021.0.4</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2021.0.4.0</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.11</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>

        <!-- 使用Nacos服务注册与发现 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 使用Nacos配置管理 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 使用spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer做负载均衡 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 支持读取bootstrap配置 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
        </dependency>



        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加web依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <properties>
                <profileActive>dev</profileActive>
            </properties>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>test</id>
            <properties>
                <profileActive>test</profileActive>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>pre</id>
            <properties>
                <profileActive>pre</profileActive>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>prod</id>
            <properties>
                <profileActive>prod</profileActive>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <finalName>${build.name}</finalName>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
                <includes>
                    <include>mapper/**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>application.properties</include>
                    <include>application-${profileActive}.properties</include>
                    <include>bootstrap.properties</include>
                    <include>logback-spring.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

</project>

跟我们的前篇的引用是差不多的，多了个spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer的引用而已，因为我们的Consumer会用到，负载均衡我们会在后续详细介绍

老版本的Spring Cloud以及其相关组件如Feign、openFeign等都默认使用ribbon做负载均衡组件，但是ribbon已经停止更新，所以spring官方推出了spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer来作为替代。

配置RestTemplate

package com.yyoo.cloud.conf;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConsumerConf {

    @LoadBalanced
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

@LoadBalanced 自动为RestTemplate设置负载均衡策略。这个我们后续再讲。

测试ConsumerController

package com.yyoo.cloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/getMyCloudConf")
    public String getMyCloudConf(){
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://myCloud/myCloud/conf/getCommonConf",String.class);
    }

}

注：示例中有两个myCloud，前一个myCloud是我们的Provider的服务名（spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.service），后一个myCloud是我们的Provider的上下文，请注意区分

这里为什么不用127.0.0.1:8701/myCloud/conf/getCommonConf来访问呢？这样不就跟我们没有使用Cloud一样了嘛，直接http调用。这里使用服务名来调用，就会使用我们导入的负载均衡，此时如果有多个Provider，最后其调用的Provider会根据我们的负载均衡策略来执行。

另一种示例写法

配置RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class ConsumerConf {
    
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

注意：没有@LoadBalanced注解

测试ConsumerController

package com.yyoo.cloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer")
public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/getMyCloudConf")
    public String getMyCloudConf(){
        //使用 LoadBalanceClient 和 RestTemplate 结合的方式来访问
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("myCloud");
        String url = String.format("http://%s:%s/myCloud/conf/getCommonConf",serviceInstance.getHost(),serviceInstance.getPort());
        System.out.println("request url:"+url);
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url,String.class);
    }

}