小学生python游戏编程arcade----坦克大战3
前言
接以上多篇文章解绍arcade游戏编程的基本知识，回归主题，继续完善孩子的梦想，坦克大战，学习单词，搭建整体的框架，主要包括，游戏的开始界面，进行界面，结束界面，角色控制，子弹发射，地图加载，英语单词显示，提示，分数显示，爆炸显示及精灵，敌人自动寻路，开火，碰撞检测等，初具模型，慢慢加载完善。
整体解绍
1、坦克大战3–未完，只是功能初具
1.1 文件结构
1.2 类
界面类：guigl
粒子类：particle
基本设置：seting_tank
角色类：tank
1.3 角色类
1.4 粒子类
1.5 主程序框
1.6 main函数
注释处，为了调试方便，不显示开始界面，直接进行主程序
def main():
“”“主函数”“”
window = arcade.Window(SCREEN_width, SCREEN_height, SCREEN_title)
# menu_view = MainMenu()
menu_view = GameView()
window.show_view(menu_view)
arcade.run()
1.7 效果图
1.8 代码实现
from arcadegame.guigl import *
from arcadegame.particle import *
from arcadegame.tank import *
import os
import random
class GameView(arcade.View):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.scene = None
self.wanjia = None
file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
os.chdir(file_path)
arcade.set_background_color(arcade.csscolor.BLACK)
self.physics_engine = None
self.camera = None # 摄象机
self.gui_camera = None # 第二摄象机
self.score = 0
# 加载声音
self.collect_coin_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/coin2.wav")
self.game_over = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/gameover1.wav")
self.shoot_sound = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/hurt5.wav")
self.hit_sound = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/hit5.wav")
self.hit_sound1 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/explosion1.wav")
self.hit_sound2 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/explosion2.wav")
self.hit_sound3 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/hit1.wav")
self.hit_sound4 = arcade.load_sound(":resources:sounds/hit2.wav")
# 设置地图
self.tile_map = None
# 是否重新设置分数
self.reset_score = True
# 地图的最右边
self.end_of_map = 0
self.top_of_map = 0
# 关卡级别
self.level = 1
self.tankdl = 0.1
self.ememy_name='scholl'
self.words = '请不要打击你的朋友--'
self.init_rect()
self.frame_count=0
def setup_enemy(self):
# pass
self.scene.add_sprite_list_after(LAYER_tanks, 'wj')
words={'book':'书','bag':'书包','english':'英语'}
for x in words:
tank = Enemy_tank("images/坦克2.png", 0.5, SCREEN_width*random.random(), SCREEN_height - 200)
tank.word = x
tank.hz = words[x]
self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_tanks,tank)
def setup_player(self):
# 添加角色.
self.wanjia = Tank("images/坦克.png", 0.5, self.end_of_map, self.top_of_map)
self.wanjia.center_x = PLAYER_start_x
self.wanjia.center_y = PLAYER_start_y
self.scene.add_sprite("wj", self.wanjia)
self.scene.add_sprite_list_after("wj", LAYER_platforms) # 添加精灵列表，把玩家放在哪一层，前后层在此关健
self.scene.add_sprite("wj",self.wanjia)
self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(
self.wanjia,
walls=self.scene['建筑物'])
def setup_map(self):
# 初始化场景
map_name = f"地图\佛相广场.json" # jia{self.level}.json"
# 层属性
layer_options = {
LAYER_platforms: {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
LAYER_tree: {
"use_spatial_hash": False,
},
'建筑物': {
"use_spatial_hash": True,
},
# 'tizi': {
# "use_spatial_hash": True,
# },
# 'Enemies': {
# "use_spatial_hash": True,
# },
}
# 读地图文件
self.tile_map = arcade.load_tilemap(map_name, TILE_Scaling, layer_options)
# 使用我们的TileMap初始化场景，这将自动添加所有层，以正确的顺序在场景中显示为SpriteList。
self.scene = arcade.Scene.from_tilemap(self.tile_map)
print(self.tile_map.width,self.tile_map.height)
self.end_of_map = self.tile_map.width * self.tile_map.tile_height * TILE_Scaling
self.top_of_map = self.tile_map.height * self.tile_map.tile_width * TILE_Scaling
def setup(self):
# 摄象机
self.camera = arcade.Camera(SCREEN_width, SCREEN_height)
self.gui_camera = arcade.Camera(SCREEN_width, SCREEN_height)
self.setup_map()
if self.reset_score:
self.score = 0
self.reset_score = True
# 添加角色.
self.setup_player()
self.setup_enemy()
# 增加子弹层
self.scene.add_sprite_list_after(LAYER_bullet, 'wj')
# 增加爆炸粒子列表
self.scene.add_sprite_list_after(LAYER_explosions, 'wj')
def on_show_view(self):
self.setup()
def on_key_press(self, key: int, modifiers: int):
if not self.wanjia.respawning and key == arcade.key.SPACE and self.wanjia.bullets>0:
bullet_sprite = BulletSprite(":resources:images/space_shooter/"
"laserBlue01.png",
1)
self.wanjia.bullets -= 1
bullet_sprite.guid = "子弹"
bullet_speed = 13
bullet_sprite.change_y = \
math.cos(math.radians(self.wanjia.angle)) * bullet_speed
bullet_sprite.change_x = \
-math.sin(math.radians(self.wanjia.angle)) \
* bullet_speed
bullet_sprite.center_x = self.wanjia.center_x
bullet_sprite.center_y = self.wanjia.center_y
bullet_sprite.update()
self.scene[LAYER_bullet].append(bullet_sprite)
arcade.play_sound(self.shoot_sound, speed=random.random() * 3 + 0.5)
if key == arcade.key.LEFT:
self.wanjia.change_angle = 3
elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT:
self.wanjia.change_angle = -3
elif key == arcade.key.UP:
self.wanjia.thrust = self.tankdl
elif key == arcade.key.DOWN:
self.wanjia.thrust = -self.tankdl
def on_key_release(self, key: int, modifiers: int):
if key == arcade.key.LEFT:
self.wanjia.change_angle = 0
elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT:
self.wanjia.change_angle = 0
elif key == arcade.key.UP:
self.wanjia.thrust = 0
elif key == arcade.key.DOWN:
self.wanjia.thrust = 0
def init_rect(self):
self.shapes = arcade.ShapeElementList()
# color1 = (199, 237, 204)
# # 参数：距形中心位置，宽，高，颜色，线宽
# rect = arcade.create_rectangle(SCREEN_width/2, SCREEN_height-60/2,SCREEN_width,60,color1)
# self.shapes.append(rect)
self.text_remind = arcade.Text(
f"提醒: {self.words+self.ememy_name}",
start_x=(SCREEN_width-len(self.words+self.ememy_name)*18)/2,
start_y=SCREEN_height-30,
color=arcade.csscolor.RED,
font_size=18,
)
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.camera.use() # 摄象机
self.scene.draw() # 摄相机与scence的顺序不能放错，否则不会移动
for aa in self.scene[LAYER_tanks]:
aa.draw_word(aa.left, aa.top + 20)
# for enemy in self.scene[LAYER_enemies]:
# arcade.draw_text(enemy.string, enemy.left, enemy.top+20, arcade.csscolor.RED, 30, )
self.gui_camera.use()
# 在屏幕上绘制分数，用屏幕滚动
score_text = f"得分: {self.wanjia.top}地图高{self.top_of_map}"
arcade.draw_text(score_text, 10, 500, arcade.csscolor.RED, 18, )
score_text = f"子弹数: {self.wanjia.bullets}"
arcade.draw_text(score_text, 10, 400, arcade.csscolor.RED, 18, )
self.shapes.draw()
self.text_remind.draw()
# 摄相机随角色移动
def center_camera_to_player(self):
"""摄相机随角色移动"""
screen_center_x = self.wanjia.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
screen_center_y = self.wanjia.center_y - (self.camera.viewport_height / 2)
# 防止相机出界
if screen_center_x < 0:
screen_center_x = 0
if screen_center_y < 0:
screen_center_y = 0
player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_y
# print(player_centered)
self.camera.move_to(player_centered)
# 子弹碰撞检测
def collision_bullet(self):
# 子弹的碰撞检测
for bullet in self.scene[LAYER_bullet]:
# hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(bullet, self.scene['建筑物'])
hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_lists(
bullet,
[
# self.scene[LAYER_enemies],
# self.scene[LAYER_tree],
self.scene['建筑物'],
],
)
if hit_list:
bullet.remove_from_sprite_lists()
# for collision in hit_list:
# if (self.scene[LAYER_enemies] in collision.sprite_lists):
# # 磁撞的是敌人 根据子弹伤害及敌人生命值确定争分数及消失
# collision.health -= BULLET_shanghai
#
# if collision.health <= 0:
# collision.remove_from_sprite_lists()
# self.score += 100
#
# # 声音
# arcade.play_sound(self.hit_sound)
for cc in hit_list:
print(cc)
if (self.scene['建筑物'] in cc.sprite_lists):
# 磁撞的是建筑物, 制造爆炸
for i in range(20):
particle = Particle(self.scene[LAYER_explosions])
particle.position = cc.position # 粒子位置，也即敌人位置
self.scene[LAYER_explosions].append(particle)
smoke = Smoke(30)
smoke.position = cc.position # 烟雾位置
self.scene[LAYER_explosions].append(smoke)
cc.remove_from_sprite_lists()
# 爆炸声音
arcade.sound.play_sound(self.hit_sound)
return
# 如过子弹超过屏幕则删掉.
if (bullet.right < 0) or (bullet.bottom > SCREEN_height) or (
bullet.left > (self.tile_map.width * self.tile_map.tile_width) * TILE_Scaling) :
bullet.remove_from_sprite_lists()
# 碰撞检测
def collision_all(self):
self.collision_bullet()
# 碰撞检测
# player_collision_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_lists(
# self.wanjia,
# [
# # self.scene[LAYER_tree],
# self.scene[LAYER_enemies],
# ],
# )
# 检测磁到的是硬币还是敌人
# for collision in player_collision_list:
# if self.scene[LAYER_enemies] in collision.sprite_lists:
# arcade.play_sound(self.game_over)
# self.setup()
# return
# else:
# # 算出这枚硬币值多少分
# if "Points" not in collision.properties:
# print("警告，收集的硬币没有点数属性.")
# else:
# points = int(collision.properties["Points"])
# self.score += points
#
# # Remove the coin
# collision.remove_from_sprite_lists()
# arcade.play_sound(self.collect_coin_sound)
# # 是否走到地图尽头
# if self.wanjia.center_x >= self.end_of_map:
# # 关卡升级
# self.level += 1
# # 不需重新积分
# self.reset_score = False
# # 加载下个场景
# self.setup()
# 敌人更新
def update_ememy_tank(self):
self.frame_count += 1
for enemy in self.scene[LAYER_tanks]:
enemy.update()
# 首先，计算与角色的角度。我们可以这样做只有当子弹发射时，但在这种情况下，我们会轮换
# 敌人每一帧都要面对玩家，所以我们会这样做
# 起始位置
start_x = enemy.center_x
start_y = enemy.center_y
# 目标位置
dest_x = self.wanjia.center_x
dest_y = self.wanjia.center_y
# 计算子弹行进的角度。
x_diff = dest_x - start_x
y_diff = dest_y - start_y
angle = math.atan2(y_diff, x_diff)
# 设置敌人面向角色
enemy.angle = math.degrees(angle) - 90
# 每60帧发射一次
# to_player_leng=
if (self.frame_count % 60 == 0):
# 利用粒子制子弹
bullet = arcade.SpriteCircle(8, arcade.color.RED)
bullet.center_x = start_x
bullet.center_y = start_y
# 设置子弹角度朝向角色
bullet.angle = math.degrees(angle)
# 根据角度，计算子弹的变化change_x和change_y。速度是子弹行进的速度。
bullet.change_x = math.cos(angle) * 10
bullet.change_y = math.sin(angle) * 10
self.scene.add_sprite(LAYER_bullet,bullet)
# self.bullet_list.append(bullet)
self.scene[LAYER_tanks].update()
def on_update(self, delta_time: float):
self.physics_engine.update() # 运用引擎移动角色
self.collision_all()
self.scene['wj'].update()
self.scene[LAYER_bullet].update()
self.scene[LAYER_explosions].update()
# # 掉下或level达到最后一关时，游戏结束，或重新开始
# if self.wanjia.center_y < -100 or self.level == 3:
# self.wanjia.center_x = PLAYER_start_x
# self.wanjia.center_y = PLAYER_start_y
# arcade.play_sound(self.game_over)
# 更新动画
self.update_ememy_tank()
self.center_camera_to_player() # 摄象机
class MainMenu(arcade.View):
"""Class that manages the 'menu' view."""
def on_show_view(self):
"""设置背景"""
arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.WHITE)
self.g = GuiGL()
# 初始化场景
self.background = arcade.Sprite("images/战场1.png", 1.3)
self.background.center_x = SCREEN_width / 2
self.background.center_y = SCREEN_height / 2
# 设置背景色
arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.DARK_BLUE_GRAY)
# 事件方法2,自定义方法函数
self.g.start_button.on_click = self.on_click_start
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.background.draw()
self.g.manager.draw()
score_text = f"坦克大战"
arcade.draw_text(
score_text,
SCREEN_width / 2-80,
SCREEN_height / 2+220,
arcade.csscolor.GOLD,
30,
)
def on_click_start(self, event):
print("自定义方法调用--开始:", event)
game_view = GameView()
self.window.show_view(game_view)
class GameOverView(arcade.View):
"""结整界面"""
def on_show_view(self):
"""设置背景"""
arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.BLACK)
def on_draw(self):
"""Draw the game overview"""
self.clear()
arcade.draw_text(
"游戏结束，点击重新开始",
SCREEN_width / 2,
SCREEN_height / 2,
arcade.color.WHITE,
30,
anchor_x="center",
)
def on_mouse_press(self, _x, _y, _button, _modifiers):
"""Use a mouse press to advance to the 'game' view."""
game_view = GameView()
self.window.show_view(game_view)
def main():
"""主函数"""
window = arcade.Window(SCREEN_width, SCREEN_height, SCREEN_title)
menu_view = MainMenu()
# menu_view = GameView()
window.show_view(menu_view)
arcade.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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