linux socket编程 TCP和UDP实例

linux 中的网络编程通过 socket 接口实现。 Socket 既是一种特殊的 IO ，它也是一种文件描述符。一个完整的 Socket 都有一个相关描述 { 协议，本地地址，本地端口，远程地址，远程端口 } ；每一个 Socket 有一个本地的唯一 Socket 号，由操作系统分配。
TCP服务器端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>

int main()
{
	int server_fd,client_fd;//socket出来的文件描述符
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr={0};//套接字地址
	struct sockaddr_in client_addr={0};
	int addrlen;
	pid_t pid;
	int nRead;
	char acBuf[1024];

	server_fd=socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);//流式套接字
	if (server_fd==-1)
	{
		perror("socket");
		return -1;
	}

	//让地址可复用
	int yest=1;
	setsockopt(server_fd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_BROADCAST,&yest,sizeof(yest));

	//绑定自身地址
	memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	server_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	server_addr.sin_port=htons(8888);//字节转换函数
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	if (bind(server_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1)
	{
		perror("bind");
		return -1;
	}
	//设置半链接数
	listen(server_fd,10);

	signal(SIGCHLD,SIG_IGN);//屏蔽子进程结束发出的信号
	//等待客户端用户的链接请求
	while(1)
	{
		memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) );
		client_fd=accept(server_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,&addrlen);//阻塞，等待连接
		if (client_fd==-1)
		{
			perror("accept");
			return -1;
		}
		pid=fork();//每连接上一个客户端开一个进程
		if (pid == -1)
		{
			perror("fork");
			return -1;
		}
		else if (pid ==0)
		{
			while (1)
			{
				memset(acBuf, 0, 1024);
				nRead=read(client_fd, acBuf, 1024);
				if (nRead == 0)
				{
					close(client_fd);
					exit(0);
				}
				write(client_fd, acBuf, nRead);
			}
		}
		close(client_fd);
	}
	return 0;
}

TCP客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	int client_fd;//socket出来的文件描述符
	struct sockaddr_in addr={0};//套接字地址
	char acBuf[1024]={0};
	client_fd=socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	if (client_fd==-1)
	{
		perror("socket");
		return -1;
	}
	//绑定自身地址
	memset(&addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	addr.sin_port=htons(8888);//端口
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	//建立连接
	connect(client_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	while(1)
	{
		memset(acBuf,0,1024);
		scanf("%s",acBuf);
		if (strcmp(acBuf, "exit" ) == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		write(client_fd, acBuf, strlen(acBuf) );
		memset(acBuf,0,1024);
		read(client_fd,acBuf,1024);
		printf("%s\n",acBuf);
	}
	//关闭文件描述符
	close(client_fd);
	return 0;
}

UDP服务器端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


int main()
{
	int server_fd;
	int nRead;
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr={0};
	struct sockaddr_in client_addr={0};
	socklen_t addrlen;
	server_fd=socket(PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
	if (server_fd==-1)
	{
		perror("socket");
		return -1;
	}
	//绑定自身地址
	memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	server_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_port=htons(8888);
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");//server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
	
	nRead=bind(server_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	if(nRead==-1)
	{
		perror("bind");
	}
	char acBuf[1024]="";
	
	while(1)
	{
		memset(acBuf,0,1024);
		nRead=recvfrom(server_fd,acBuf,1024,0,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,&addrlen);
		printf("%s\n",acBuf);
		if (nRead==-1)
		{
			perror("recvfrom");
		}
		sendto(server_fd,acBuf,1024,0,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	}
	return 0;
}

UDP客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	int client_fd;
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr={0};
	struct sockaddr_in client_addr={0};
	socklen_t addrlen;
	char acBuf[1024]={0};
	client_fd=socket(PF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);//数据报套接字
	if (client_fd==-1)
	{
		perror("socket");
	}
	//地址
	memset(&client_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	client_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
	client_addr.sin_port=htons(8888);
	client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");


	while(1)
	{
		memset(acBuf,0,1024);
		scanf("%s",acBuf);
		if (strcmp(acBuf, "exit" ) == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		sendto(client_fd,acBuf,1024,0,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
		printf("waiting..\n");
		memset(acBuf,0,1024);
		recvfrom(client_fd,acBuf,1024,0,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,&addrlen);
		printf("%s",acBuf);
	}
	close(client_fd);
	return 0;
}