一阶方程换元法
尺度变换(Scaling)
x 1 = x a ; y 1 = y b x_1=\frac{x}{a};y_1 =\frac{y}{b} x1=ax;y1=by
- 改变单位(change units)
- make vars dimensionally
- redue # , or simplify constants
Direct Sub:
伯努利方程(Bernoulli equation)
y ′ = p ( x ) y + q ( x ) y n ( n ≠ 0 ) y'=p(x)y+q(x)y^n(n \neq 0) y′=p(x)y+q(x)yn(n=0)
齐次(Homogeneous)
一阶自治(ODE)
- 找临界点(Find Critical point)
- 画图(Graph)
Logistic EQN: 描述人口增长
Population behavior y(t)
d y d t = k y \frac{dy}{dt}=ky dtdy=ky (k=growth rate)
k constant
k = a- by
d y d t = a y − b y 2 \frac{dy}{dt}=ay-by^2 dtdy=ay−by2
(应用于疾病传播，流言传播)
一阶常系数线性方程
General form:
y ′ + k y = k q ( t ) y'+ky=kq(t) y′+ky=kq(t)
Solution:
y = e − k t ∫ q ( t ) e k t d t + c e − k t y=e^{-kt}\int q(t)e^{kt}dt+ce^{-kt} y=e−kt∫q(t)ektdt+ce−kt
( c e − k t = 0 a s t → ∞ ) (ce^{-kt}=0 \ \ as \ \ t\rightarrow \infty) (ce−kt=0 as t→∞)
稳态解(steady-state solution) ; 长效解(long-term solution)
卷积
convolution
f ( t ) ∗ g ( t ) f(t) * g(t) f(t)∗g(t)
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F(s) = \int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-st}f(t)dt
F(s)=∫0∞e−stf(t)dt
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G(s) = \int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-st}g(t)dt
G(s)=∫0∞e−stg(t)dt
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F(s)G(s) = \int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-st}(f*g)dt
F(s)G(s)=∫0∞e−st(f∗g)dt
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F(x) = \sum_{0}^{\infty}a_nx^n
F(x)=∑0∞anxn
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G(x) = \sum_{0}^{\infty}b_nx^n
G(x)=∑0∞bnxn
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n\rightarrow t \ \ ; \ \ x\rightarrow e^{-s}
n→t ; x→e−s
f ( t ) ∗ g ( t ) ) = ∫ 0 t f ( u ) . g ( t − u ) d u f(t) *g(t))= \int_{0}^{t}f(u).g(t-u)du f(t)∗g(t))=∫0tf(u).g(t−u)du
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