8.4 两个字符串的最长公共子串
两个串的最长公共字串是相对于多个串要简单一点,不需要二分A。只需要判断相邻两个Height是不是分属两个字符串即可。
8.4.1 实例
PKU JudgeOnline, 2774, Long Long Message.
8.4.2 问题描述
给两个小写ASCII字母组成的字符串,求出它们最大公共子串的长度。
相比PKUJudgeOnline, 3450, Corporate Identity,这个题目比较简单,而且测试数据并不强,没有测出求Height数组的一个错误。
8.4.3 输入
yeshowmuchiloveyoumydearmotherreallyicannotbelieveit
yeaphowmuchiloveyoumydearmother
8.4.4 输出
27
8.4.5 分析
采用的算法是DC3算法,源程序可以在[i]下载。该算法实现得相当巧妙,所以只添加注释和计算height的函数,就可以使用了。
8.4.6 程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
inline bool leq(int a1, int a2, int b1, int b2) { // lexic. orderfor pairs
return(a1< b1 || a1 == b1 && a2 <= b2);
} // and triples
inline bool leq(int a1, int a2, int a3, int b1, int b2, int b3) {
return(a1< b1 || a1 == b1 && leq(a2,a3, b2,b3));
}
// stably sort a[0..n-1] to b[0..n-1] with keys in 0..K fromr
static void radixPass(int* a, int* b, int* r, int n, int K)
{// count occurrences
int* c = new int[K + 1]; // counter array
for (int i = 0; i<= K; i++) c[i] = 0; // resetcounters
for (int i = 0; i< n; i++) c[r[a[i]]]++; // countoccurences
for (int i = 0, sum = 0; i <= K; i++) { // exclusive prefix sums
int t =c[i]; c[i] = sum; sum += t;
}
for (int i = 0; i< n; i++) b[c[r[a[i]]]++] =a[i]; //sort
delete [] c;
}
// find the suffix array SA of s[0..n-1] in {1..K}^n
// require s[n]=s[n+1]=s[n+2]=0, n>=2
void suffixArray(int* s, int* SA, int n, int K) {
intn0=(n+2)/3, n1=(n+1)/3, n2=n/3, n02=n0+n2;
//n0是字符串中模为的下标的个数,n1,n2依此类推
int* s12 = new int[n02 + 3]; s12[n02]= s12[n02+1]= s12[n02+2]=0;
int* SA12 = new int[n02 + 3];SA12[n02]=SA12[n02+1]=SA12[n02+2]=0;
int* s0 = new int[n0];
int* SA0 = new int[n0];
// generatepositions of mod 1 and mod 2 suffixes
// the"+(n0-n1)" adds a dummy mod 1 suffix if n%3 == 1
for (int i=0, j=0; i < n+(n0-n1); i++) if (i%3 != 0) s12[j++] = i;
//将所有模不为的下标存入s12中
// lsb radix sortthe mod 1 and mod 2 triples
radixPass(s12 , SA12, s+2, n02, K);
radixPass(SA12, s12 , s+1, n02, K);
radixPass(s12 , SA12, s , n02, K);
//radixPass实际是一个计数排序
//对后缀的前三个字符进行三次计数排序完成了对SA12数组的基数排序
//这个排序是初步的,没有将SA12数组真正地排好序,因为:
//若SA12数组中几个后缀的前三个字符相等,则起始位置靠后的排在后面
// findlexicographic names of triples
int name = 0,c0 = -1, c1 = -1, c2 = -1;
for (int i = 0; i< n02; i++) {
if(s[SA12[i]] != c0 || s[SA12[i]+1] != c1 || s[SA12[i]+2] != c2) {
name++; c0 = s[SA12[i]]; c1 =s[SA12[i]+1]; c2 = s[SA12[i]+2];
}
//name是计算后缀数组SA12中前三个字符不完全相同的后缀个数
//这么判断的原因是:SA12有序,故只有相邻后缀的前三个字符才可能相同
if (SA12[i]% 3 == 1) { s12[SA12[i]/3] = name; }// left half
else { s12[SA12[i]/3 + n0] = name;} // right half
//SA12[i]模不是就是,s12保存的是后缀数组SA12中前三个字符的排位
}
// recurse if namesare not yet unique
if (name <n02) {
//如果name等于n02,意味着SA12前三个字母均不相等,即SA12已有序
//否则,根据s12的后缀数组与SA12等价,对s12的后缀数组进行排序即可
suffixArray(s12, SA12, n02, name);
// store uniquenames in s12 using the suffix array
for (int i = 0; i< n02; i++) s12[SA12[i]] = i + 1;
} else // generate the suffix array of s12 directly
for (int i = 0; i< n02; i++) SA12[s12[i] - 1] = i;
//s12保存的是后缀数组SA12中前三个字符的排位
//在所有后缀前三个字符都不一样的情况下,s12就是后缀的排位
//至此SA12排序完毕
//SA12[i]是第i小的后缀的序号(序号从到n02),s12[i]是序号为i的后缀的排位
//使用后缀序号而不是实际位置的原因是递归调用suffixArray时不能保留该信息
// stably sort themod 0 suffixes from SA12 by their first character
for (int i=0, j=0; i < n02; i++) if (SA12[i] < n0) s0[j++] = 3*SA12[i];
//将SA12中所有的模为的后缀的实际位置减去按序存储在s0中
//注意后缀序号到实际位置的转化需将前者乘
//这意味着首先已经利用模为的后缀对SA0进行了初步排序
//只需要采用一次计数排序即可对SA0完成基数排序的最后一步
radixPass(s0, SA0, s, n0, K);
//最后一步,对有序表SA12和SA0进行归并
// merge sorted SA0suffixes and sorted SA12 suffixes
for (int p=0, t=n0-n1, k=0; k < n; k++) {
#define GetI() (SA12[t] < n0 ? SA12[t] * 3 + 1 : (SA12[t] - n0) *3 + 2)
int i =GetI(); // pos of current offset 12 suffix
int j =SA0[p]; // pos of current offset 0 suffix
if (SA12[t]< n0 ?
leq(s[i], s12[SA12[t] + n0], s[j], s12[j/3]) :
leq(s[i],s[i+1],s12[SA12[t]-n0+1],s[j],s[j+1],s12[j/3+n0]))
{ // suffix fromSA12 is smaller
SA[k] = i; t++;
if (t ==n02) { // done --- only SA0 suffixes left
for(k++; p < n0; p++, k++) SA[k] = SA0[p];
}
} else {
SA[k] = j; p++;
if (p ==n0) { // done--- only SA12 suffixes left
for(k++; t < n02; t++, k++) SA[k] = GetI();
}
}
}
delete []s12; delete [] SA12; delete[] SA0; delete [] s0;
}
void suffixArrayHeight(int *s, int *SA, int n, int K, int *rank, int *height)
{
int i, j,h;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++){
rank[SA[i]] = i;
//rank和SA互逆,即SA[rank[i]] == i&&rank[SA[i]] == i
}
h = 0;
for(i = 0;i < n; i++){
if(rank[i]== 0){
height[rank[i]] = 0;
}else{
j = SA[rank[i] - 1];
//如果用前缀的第一个字符的下标来标识前缀
//那么,j是前缀i == SA[rank[i]]的左邻前缀
while(s[i+ h] == s[j + h]){
h++;
//如果没有关于h[i]和h[i+1]的大小关系的定理,h需要从开始
}
height[rank[i]] = h;
//求出了h[i]的值
if(h> 0)
{
h--;
//h[i+1]的值大于或等于h[i]-1
}
}
}
}
#define maxNum (100002 * 2 + 3)
/*
int s[maxNum];
int SA[maxNum];
int rank[maxNum];
int height[maxNum];*/
bool isPermutation(int *SA, int n) {
bool *seen = new bool[n];
for (int i = 0; i< n; i++) seen[i] = 0;
for (int i = 0; i< n; i++) seen[SA[i]] = 1;
for (int i = 0; i< n; i++) if(!seen[i]) return 0;
return 1;
}
bool sleq(int *s1, int *s2) {
if (s1[0]< s2[0]) return 1;
if (s1[0]> s2[0]) return 0;
returnsleq(s1+1, s2+1);
}
// is SA a sorted suffix array for s?
bool isSorted(int *SA, int *s, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i< n-1; i++) {
if(!sleq(s+SA[i], s+SA[i+1])) return 0;
}
//每一个后缀都比其后的那个后缀小,那么后缀数组是升序的
return1;
}
#define Assert(c) if(!(c))\
{cout << "\nAssertionviolation " << __FILE__ << ":"<< __LINE__ << endl;}
int main()
{
int i, j;
int n;
int b = 'z' - 'a' + 2;
int* s;
int* SA;
int* rank;
int*height;
charstr1[100002];
charstr2[100002];
intlength1;
intlength2;
int max;
scanf("%s%s",str1, str2);
length1 = strlen(str1);
length2 = strlen(str2);
n = length1 + length2 + 1;
s = new int[n+3];
SA = new int[n+3];
rank = new int[n];
height = newint[n];
s[n] = s[n+1] = s[n+2] = SA[n] = SA[n+1] =SA[n+2] = 0;
for(i = 0;i < length1; i++){
s[i] = str1[i] - 'a' + 1;
}
s[i++] = 27;
for(j = 0;j < length2; j++){
s[i++] = str2[j] - 'a' + 1;
}
suffixArray(s, SA, n, b);
//构建后缀数组
/*
Assert(s[n] == 0);
Assert(s[n+1] ==0);
//s是字符串数组,求后缀数组时不应被改变
Assert(SA[n] == 0);
Assert(SA[n+1] ==0);
//长度为n的字符串有n个后缀
Assert(isPermutation(SA,n));
//后缀数组是以第i(0<= i < n)个字符作为起点的后缀的数组
Assert(isSorted(SA,s, n));
//后缀数组必须有序
*/
suffixArrayHeight(s, SA, n, b, rank,height);
max = 0;
for(i = 1;i < n; i++){
if((SA[i]< length1 && SA[i - 1] > length1)||
(SA[i] > length1 && SA[i -1] < length1))
{
if(max< height[i])
max = height[i];
}
}
cout << max << endl;
delete []s; delete [] SA; delete[] rank; delete [] height;
}
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[i] http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de/~sanders/programs/suffix/