垂直投影

原图：

#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"  
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"  
#include <iostream>  
#include <stdio.h>  
using namespace cv;  
using namespace std;  
  
vector<Mat> horizontalProjectionMat(Mat srcImg)//水平投影  
{  
    Mat binImg;  
    blur(srcImg, binImg, Size(3, 3));  
    threshold(binImg, binImg, 0, 255, CV_THRESH_OTSU);  
    int perPixelValue = 0;//每个像素的值  
    int width = srcImg.cols;  
    int height = srcImg.rows;  
    int* projectValArry = new int[height];//创建一个储存每行白色像素个数的数组  
    memset(projectValArry, 0, height * 4);//初始化数组  
    for (int col = 0; col < height; col++)//遍历每个像素点  
    {  
        for (int row = 0; row < width; row++)  
        {  
            perPixelValue = binImg.at<uchar>(col, row);  
            if (perPixelValue == 0)//如果是白底黑字  
            {  
                projectValArry[col]++;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
    Mat horizontalProjectionMat(height, width, CV_8UC1);//创建画布  
    for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)  
    {  
        for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)  
        {  
            perPixelValue = 255;  
            horizontalProjectionMat.at<uchar>(i, j) = perPixelValue;//设置背景为白色  
        }  
    }  
    for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)//水平直方图  
    {  
        for (int j = 0; j < projectValArry[i]; j++)  
        {  
            perPixelValue = 0;  
            horizontalProjectionMat.at<uchar>(i, width - 1 - j) = perPixelValue;//设置直方图为黑色  
        }  
    }  
    vector<Mat> roiList;//用于储存分割出来的每个字符  
    int startIndex = 0;//记录进入字符区的索引  
    int endIndex = 0;//记录进入空白区域的索引  
    bool inBlock = false;//是否遍历到了字符区内  
    for (int i = 0; i <srcImg.rows; i++)  
    {  
        if (!inBlock && projectValArry[i] != 0)//进入字符区  
        {  
            inBlock = true;  
            startIndex = i;  
        }  
        else if (inBlock && projectValArry[i] == 0)//进入空白区  
        {  
            endIndex = i;  
            inBlock = false;  
            Mat roiImg = srcImg(Range(startIndex, endIndex + 1), Range(0, srcImg.cols));//从原图中截取有图像的区域  
            roiList.push_back(roiImg);  
        }  
    }  
    delete[] projectValArry;  
    return roiList;  
}  
vector<Mat> verticalProjectionMat(Mat srcImg)//垂直投影  
{  
    Mat binImg;  
    blur(srcImg, binImg, Size(3, 3));  
    threshold(binImg, binImg, 0, 255, CV_THRESH_OTSU);  
    int perPixelValue;//每个像素的值  
    int width = srcImg.cols;  
    int height = srcImg.rows;  
    int* projectValArry = new int[width];//创建用于储存每列白色像素个数的数组  
    memset(projectValArry, 0, width * 4);//初始化数组  
    for (int col = 0; col < width; col++)//列  
    {  
        for (int row = 0; row < height; row++)//行  
        {  
            perPixelValue = binImg.at<uchar>(row, col);  
            if (perPixelValue == 0)//如果是白底黑字  
            {  
                projectValArry[col]++;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
    Mat verticalProjectionMat(height, width, CV_8UC1);//垂直投影的画布  
    for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)  
    {  
        for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)  
        {  
            perPixelValue = 255;  //背景设置为白色  
            verticalProjectionMat.at<uchar>(i, j) = perPixelValue;  
        }  
    }  
    for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)//垂直投影直方图  
    {  
        for (int j = 0; j < projectValArry[i]; j++)  
        {  
            perPixelValue = 0;  //直方图设置为黑色    
            verticalProjectionMat.at<uchar>(height - 1 - j, i) = perPixelValue;  
        }  
    }  
    imshow("垂直投影", verticalProjectionMat);  
    cvWaitKey(0);  
    vector<Mat> roiList;//用于储存分割出来的每个字符  
    int startIndex = 0;//记录进入字符区的索引  
    int endIndex = 0;//记录进入空白区域的索引  
    bool inBlock = false;//是否遍历到了字符区内  
    for (int i = 0; i < srcImg.cols; i++)//cols=width  
    {  
        if (!inBlock && projectValArry[i] != 0)//进入字符区  
        {  
            inBlock = true;  
            startIndex = i;  
        }  
        else if (projectValArry[i] == 0 && inBlock)//进入空白区  
        {  
            endIndex = i;  
            inBlock = false;  
            Mat roiImg = srcImg(Range(0, srcImg.rows), Range(startIndex, endIndex + 1));  
            roiList.push_back(roiImg);  
        }  
    }  
    delete[] projectValArry;  
    return roiList;  
}  
int main(int argc, char* argv[])  
{  
    //先进行垂直投影，再进行水平投影分割字符串  
    Mat srcImg = imread("b.png", 0);//读入原图像  
    char szName[30] = { 0 };  
    vector<Mat> b = verticalProjectionMat(srcImg);//先进行垂直投影     
    //垂直投影以后的结果  
    for (int j = 0; j < b.size(); j++)  
    {  
        sprintf(szName, "vertical_%d.jpg", j);  
        imshow(szName, b[j]);  
        IplImage img = IplImage(b[j]);  
        cvSaveImage(szName, &img);//保存切分的结果  
    }  
  
  
    //  
    for (int i = 0; i < b.size(); i++)  
    {  
        vector<Mat> a = horizontalProjectionMat(b[i]);//水平投影  
        sprintf(szName, "%d.jpg", i);  
        for (int j = 0; j < a.size(); j++)  
        {  
            imshow(szName, a[j]);  
            IplImage img = IplImage(a[j]);  
            cvSaveImage(szName, &img);//保存切分的结果  
        }  
    }  
    /* 
    vector<Mat> a = horizontalProjectionMat(srcImg); 
    char szName[30] = { 0 }; 
    for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) 
    { 
    vector<Mat> b = verticalProjectionMat(a[i]); 
 
    for (int j = 0; j<b.size();j++) 
    { 
    sprintf(szName, "E:\\%d.jpg", j); 
    imshow(szName, b[j]); 
    } 
    } 
    */  
    cvWaitKey(0);  
    getchar();  
    return 0;  
}  

结果

如果只打算看结果的话，可以屏蔽掉垂直投影的输出