AndroidStudio学习（五)：ListView

新建ListViewTest项目

//activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        />

</LinearLayout>

//MainActivity

//数组中的数据是无法直接传递给ListView的
//需要借助适配器来完成
//ArrayAdapter可以通过泛型来指定需要适配的数据类型
//然后在构造函数中把要适配的数据传入

//android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1作为子项布局的id
//这是一个Android内置的布局文件，里面只有一个TextView，可以简单地显示一段文本

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private String[] data =
            { "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
             "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango",
            "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
             "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

定制ListView界面

//新建类Fruit.java

//name表示水果名
//imageId表示水果对应图片的资源id

package com.example.listviewtest;

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;
    
    public Fruit(String name, int imageId){
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }
    
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public int getImageId(){
        return imageId;
    }
}

//为ListView子项指定一个自定义布局

//新建布局fruit_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
    
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        />

</LinearLayout>

//创建一个自定义的适配器
//这个适配器继承自ArrayAdapter，并将泛型指定为Fruit类

//新建类FruitAdapter.java

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    
    private int resourceId;
    
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }
    
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position); //获取当前项的Fruit实例
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView fruitName = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

//MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

//    private String[] data =
//            { "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
//             "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango",
//            "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
//             "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initFruits();
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    //初始化所有的水果数据
    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Babnana",R.drawable.banana);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }
}

只要修改fruit_item.xml，就可以定制出各种复杂界面了。

提升ListView运行效率

//修改FruitAdapter

//getView()方法每次都将布局重新加载了一遍
//convertView参数就是用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存，以便之后可以重用

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position); //获取当前项的Fruit实例
        
        View view;
        if(convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        }
        else{
            view = convertView;
        }
        
        //View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }

//修改FruitAdapter

//但每次还是会调用View的findViewById来获取一次控件实例
//可以借助一个ViewHolder来优化

    class ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position); //获取当前项的Fruit实例

        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;

        if(convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder); //将viewHolder存储在View中
        }
        else{
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); //重新获取ViewHolder
        }
        //View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        //ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        //TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        //fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        //fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
}

ListView点击事件

//修改MainActivity

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        initFruits();
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        
    }