新建ListViewTest项目
//activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
/>
</LinearLayout>
//MainActivity
//数组中的数据是无法直接传递给ListView的
//需要借助适配器来完成
//ArrayAdapter可以通过泛型来指定需要适配的数据类型
//然后在构造函数中把要适配的数据传入
//android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1作为子项布局的id
//这是一个Android内置的布局文件,里面只有一个TextView,可以简单地显示一段文本
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String[] data =
{ "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
"Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango",
"Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
"Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
定制ListView界面
//新建类Fruit.java
//name表示水果名
//imageId表示水果对应图片的资源id
package com.example.listviewtest;
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name, int imageId){
this.name = name;
this.imageId = imageId;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getImageId(){
return imageId;
}
}
//为ListView子项指定一个自定义布局
//新建布局fruit_item.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
/>
</LinearLayout>
//创建一个自定义的适配器
//这个适配器继承自ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指定为Fruit类
//新建类FruitAdapter.java
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
private int resourceId;
public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
resourceId = textViewResourceId;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
Fruit fruit = getItem(position); //获取当前项的Fruit实例
View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
//MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
// private String[] data =
// { "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
// "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango",
// "Apple", "Banana", "Orange", "Watermelon", "Pear",
// "Grape", "Pineapple", "Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
//初始化所有的水果数据
private void initFruits(){
for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit banana = new Fruit("Babnana",R.drawable.banana);
fruitList.add(banana);
Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon);
fruitList.add(watermelon);
Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear);
fruitList.add(pear);
Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape);
fruitList.add(grape);
Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple);
fruitList.add(pineapple);
Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry);
fruitList.add(strawberry);
Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry);
fruitList.add(cherry);
Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango);
fruitList.add(mango);
}
}
}
只要修改fruit_item.xml,就可以定制出各种复杂界面了。
提升ListView运行效率
//修改FruitAdapter
//getView()方法每次都将布局重新加载了一遍
//convertView参数就是用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后可以重用
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
Fruit fruit = getItem(position); //获取当前项的Fruit实例
View view;
if(convertView == null){
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
}
else{
view = convertView;
}
//View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
//修改FruitAdapter
//但每次还是会调用View的findViewById来获取一次控件实例
//可以借助一个ViewHolder来优化
class ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
Fruit fruit = getItem(position); //获取当前项的Fruit实例
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if(convertView == null){
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder); //将viewHolder存储在View中
}
else{
view = convertView;
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); //重新获取ViewHolder
}
//View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
//ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
//TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
//fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
//fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
ListView点击事件
//修改MainActivity
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}