AndroidStudio学习（七)：调用摄像头拍照/从相册中选择照片

教材：第一行代码（第2版）

新建项目CameraAlbumTest

调用摄像头拍照

//activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    >

	//打开摄像头
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Take Photo"
        />
    
    //将拍到的图片显示出来
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        />

</LinearLayout>

//MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
    private ImageView picture;
    private Uri imageUri;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button takePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);

        takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                // 创建File对象，用于存储拍照后的图片
                // 将图片命名为output_image.jpg，并将它存放在手机SD卡的应用关联缓存目录下
                // getExternalCacheDir()可以得到这个目录
                File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(),"output_image.jpg");
                try {
                    if (outputImage.exists()){
                        outputImage.delete();
                    }
                    outputImage.createNewFile();
                }catch (IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                // 进行一个判断
                // 如果运行设备的系统版本低于Android 7.0,就调用Uri的fromFile()方法将File对象转换成Uri对象
                // 这个Uri对象标识着output_image.jpg这张图片的本地真实路径
                // 否则，就调用FileProvider的getUriForFile()方法将File对象转换成一个封装过的Uri对象
                // getUriForFile()方法接收 3个参数，第一个参数要求传入Context对象，第二个参数可以是任意唯一的字符串，第三个参数则是我们刚刚创建的File对象
                // 之所以要进行这样一层转换，是因为从Android 7.0系统开始，直接使用本地真实路径的Uri被认为是不安全的，会抛出一个FileUriExposedException 异常
                // 而FileProvider则是-种特殊的内容提供器，它使用了和内容提供器类似的机制来对数据进行保护，可以选择性地将封装过的Uri共享给外部，从而提高了应用的安全性
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24){
                    imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);
                }else{
                    imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
                }

                //启用相机程序
                Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
            }
        });
    }

	//报错 Overriding method should call super.onActivityResult
	//不影响结果
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
        switch (requestCode){
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK){
                    try {
                        //将拍摄的照片显示出来
                        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
                        picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    }catch (FileNotFoundException e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

//在res目录下新建文件夹xml
//在xml下进行操作New→File
//命名为file_paths.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path //指定Uri共享
        name="my_images" //自定义
        path="" /> //path为空时表示将整个SD卡进行共享，这里会报错，不影响结果
</paths>

//AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.cameraalbumtest">

	//声明访问SD卡的权限
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
    
        ......

		//对内容提供器进行注册
        <provider
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true"
            >
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
        </provider>
    </application>

</manifest>

从相册中选择照片

//在activity_main.xml中添加代码
//注意：这个按钮控件在上两个控件之间

	<Button
        android:id="@+id/choose_from_album"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Choose From Album"
        />

//MainActivity
//添加代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ......
    
    public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
        ......

        Button chooseFromAlbum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);

        //相机按钮
        takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            ......
        });

        //照片按钮
        chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //动态申请读取SD卡权限
                if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
                }else{
                    openAlbum();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void openAlbum(){
        Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent,CHOOSE_PHOTO); //打开相册
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults){
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    openAlbum();
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this,"You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

    //Overriding method should call super.onActivityResult
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
        switch (requestCode){
            case TAKE_PHOTO:
                ......

            case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK){
                    //判断手机系统版本号
                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19){
                        //4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
                        handleImageOnKitKat(data);
                    }else{
                        handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
                    }
                }

            ......
        }
    }

    @TargetApi(19)
    private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data){
        String imagePath = null;
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        if(DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this,uri)){
            /*如果是document类型的Uri，则通过document id处理*/
            String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                String id = docId.split(":")[1]; //解析出数字格式的id
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
                imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,selection);
            }else if("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())){
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"),Long.valueOf(docId));
                imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri,null);
            }
        }else if("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
            //如果是content类型的uri，则使用普通方式处理
            imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
        }else if("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())){
            //如果是file类型的uri，直接获取图片路径即可
            imagePath = uri.getPath();
        }
        displayImage(imagePath); //根据图片路径显示图片
    }

    private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data){
        Uri uri = data.getData();
        String imagePath = getImagePath(uri,null);
        displayImage(imagePath);
    }

    private String getImagePath(Uri uri,String selection){
        String path = null;
        //通过Uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,null,selection,null,null);
        if(cursor != null){
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
        return path;
    }

    private void displayImage(String imagePath){
        if(imagePath != null){
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
            picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}