区分无效刷新区域的两种方式——ClipRectangle和随机颜色

无效区域在绘图编程中非常重要,根据每次的无效区域,我们可以判断程序的刷新,以提高绘图效率,这里指出两种方式获取无效区域。

第一种,在OnPaint()中,e.ClipRectangle就是系统保存程序的无效区域,可以直接获得,然后打印出来。

第二种,在每次绘图时,先刷新此次绘图的背景,注意不是整个背景区域,而背景的填充色用随机颜色,如Random r = new Random(); brush.Color = Color.FromRgb(r.Next(255), r.Next(255), r.Next(255));如此,可以非常直观的看到那些区域重绘了。提示:随机颜色对发掘绘图刷新非常有帮助,进一步随机数在很多时候对探寻某些机制很有帮助。

上图的右边字体颜色很杂,而左边颜色单一,那是因为来回移动时,右边区域发生了多次局部重绘,而左边一直没有重绘。

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using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Data; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Drawing.Drawing2D; namespace KRT.Component.Common { /// /// 停靠面板控件 /// public class DockPanel : Panel { /// /// 关闭按钮 /// DockPanelCloseButton closeButton = new DockPanelCloseButton(); /// /// 浮动窗口 /// Form flowForm = new Form(); /// /// 分割栏 /// Splitter splitter = new Splitter(); /// /// 标题栏 /// Label titleBar = new Label(); /// /// 标题栏背景色 /// public Color TitleBackColor //using System.Drawing; { get { return titleBar.BackColor; } set { titleBar.BackColor = value; closeButton.BackColor = value; } } /// /// 标题栏前景色 /// public Color TitleForeColor { get { return titleBar.ForeColor; } set { titleBar.ForeColor = value; } } /// /// 标题栏文本 /// [Localizable(true)] public string TitleText { get { return titleBar.Text; } set { titleBar.Text = value; } } /// /// 标题栏可见 /// public bool TitleVisible { get { return titleBar.Visible; } set { titleBar.Visible = value; closeButton.Visible = value; } } /// /// 浮动窗口最大尺寸 /// Size flowFormMaxSize = new Size(640, 480); public Size FlowFormMaxSize { get { return flowFormMaxSize; } set { flowFormMaxSize = value; if (this.VisibleAll) { flowForm.Size = flowFormMaxSize; } } } /// /// 整个控件的隐藏、显示,包括浮动窗口状态下 /// bool visibleAll = true; public bool VisibleAll { get { return visibleAll; } set { visibleAll = value; if (flowForm.Controls.Count > 0) { flowForm.Visible = visibleAll; } else { this.Visible = visibleAll; } } } /// /// 控件初始化 /// public DockPanel() { //InitializeComponent(); flowForm.ShowInTaskbar = false; // 关闭按钮 closeButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); closeButton.Name = "Close"; closeButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(16, 16); closeButton.TabIndex = 0; closeButton.BackColor = SystemColors.ControlDark; closeButton.Click += new EventHandler(closeButton_Click); // 浮动窗口 flowForm.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.SizableToolWindow; //VS2008自带的窗体设计器进行设置窗体的边框。 flowForm.ShowInTaskbar = false; //任务栏 flowForm.MaximizeBox = false; //最大化按钮 flowForm.Move += new EventHandler(flowForm_Move); //EventHandler是asp.net内置的委托,事件是特殊的委托。 flowForm.MouseCaptureChanged += new EventHandler(flowForm_MouseCaptureChanged); // flowForm.FormClosing += new FormClosingEventHandler(flowForm_FormClosing); // 标题栏 titleBar.AutoSize = false; //自动调整大小 titleBar.Dock = DockStyle.Top;//控件顶端;DockStyle是个枚举,有none, top, bottom... titleBar.Height = 18; titleBar.Padding = new Padding(3); titleBar.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(titleBar_MouseDown); titleBar.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(titleBar_MouseMove); titleBar.MouseUp += new MouseEventHandler(titleBar_MouseUp); //this.Padding = new Padding(1); this.Controls.Add(closeButton); this.Controls.Add(titleBar); this.ParentChanged += new EventHandler(DockPanel_ParentChanged); this.VisibleChanged += new EventHandler(DockPanel_VisibleChanged); this.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(titleBar_MouseDown); this.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(titleBar_MouseMove); this.MouseUp += new MouseEventHandler(titleBar_MouseUp); this.ControlAdded += new ControlEventHandler(DockPanel_ControlAdded); } /// /// 如果是用户单击浮动窗口的关闭按钮,隐藏浮动窗口 /// /// /// void flowForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) { if (e.CloseReason == CloseReason.UserClosing) { e.Cancel = true; flowForm.Visible = false; visibleAll = false; closeButton_Click(sender, e); } } /// /// 添加子控件时调整顺序 /// /// /// void DockPanel_ControlAdded(object sender, ControlEventArgs e) { if (e.Control != titleBar && e.Control != closeButton) { e.Control.BringToFront(); } } /// /// 同时修改Splitter的可视效果 /// /// /// void DockPanel_VisibleChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { splitter.Visible = Visible; if (this.Parent != null && Visible) { if (!this.DesignMode) { if (this.Parent.Controls.IndexOf(splitter) < 0) { //splitter.Dock = this.Dock; //this.Parent.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { splitter, this }); this.Parent.Controls.Add(splitter); int index = this.Parent.Controls.IndexOf(this); this.Parent.Controls.SetChildIndex(splitter, index); //this.Parent.Controls.SetChildIndex(this, index + 1); //foreach (Control item in this.Parent.Controls) //{ // Debug.WriteLine( // this.Parent.Controls.GetChildIndex(item).ToString() + " : " + // item.ToString()); //} } } } } /// /// 初始化Splitter /// /// /// void DockPanel_ParentChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { //if (this.Parent != null) //{ // if (!this.DesignMode) // { // //Parent.Controls.Add(splitter); // splitter.Dock = this.Dock; // this.Parent.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { splitter, this }); // } //} } /// /// 关闭事件 /// public event EventHandler CloseButtonClick; /// /// 单击关闭按钮,触发关闭事件 /// /// /// void closeButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { VisibleAll = false; if (null != CloseButtonClick) { CloseButtonClick(sender, e); } } /// /// 浮动窗口开始拖动时触发 /// /// /// void flowForm_MouseCaptureChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!flowFormCapture) { flowFormCapture = true; } else { flowFormCapture = false; flowFormDock = true; } } bool flowFormDock = false; // 浮动窗口可以被停靠 bool flowFormCapture = false; // 浮动窗口开始拖动 /// /// 浮动窗口移动过程 /// /// /// void flowForm_Move(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (flowFormDock) { flowFormDock = false; switch (this.Dock) { case DockStyle.Left: if (flowForm.Location.X < Parent.Location.X) { ShowDockPanel(); } break; case DockStyle.Top: if (flowForm.Location.Y Parent.Location.X + Parent.Width) { ShowDockPanel(); } break; case DockStyle.Bottom: if (flowForm.Location.Y + flowForm.Height > Parent.Location.Y + Parent.Height) { ShowDockPanel(); } break; } } } /// /// 控件尺寸改变 /// /// protected override void OnSizeChanged(EventArgs e) { base.OnSizeChanged(e); closeButton.Location = new Point( ClientRectangle.Right - closeButton.Width - 1, 1); closeButton.Refresh(); } Point oldMouseLocation; // 鼠标位置 Rectangle rect; // 面板区域 bool mouseDown = false; // 鼠标按下 /// /// 鼠标按下事件 /// /// /// void titleBar_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (this.Dock != DockStyle.None && this.Dock != DockStyle.Fill) { oldMouseLocation = e.Location; mouseDown = true; rect = this.RectangleToScreen(ClientRectangle); ControlPaint.DrawReversibleFrame(rect, Color.Black, FrameStyle.Thick); } } /// /// 鼠标移动事件 /// /// /// void titleBar_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (mouseDown) { ControlPaint.DrawReversibleFrame(rect, Color.Black, FrameStyle.Thick); rect.Offset(e.X - oldMouseLocation.X, e.Y - oldMouseLocation.Y); oldMouseLocation = e.Location; ControlPaint.DrawReversibleFrame(rect, Color.Black, FrameStyle.Thick); } } /// /// 鼠标弹起事件 /// /// /// void titleBar_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { if (mouseDown) { mouseDown = false; ControlPaint.DrawReversibleFrame(rect, Color.Black, FrameStyle.Thick); Rectangle rc = this.RectangleToScreen(ClientRectangle); Point pt = this.PointToScreen(e.Location); if (!rc.Contains(pt)) { ShowFlowForm(); } } } //protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) //{ // base.OnPaint(e); // Pen borderPen = new Pen(borderColor); // Rectangle rc = new Rectangle( // e.ClipRectangle.Left, e.ClipRectangle.Top, // e.ClipRectangle.Right - 1, e.ClipRectangle.Bottom - 1); // e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(borderPen, rc); //} /// /// 显示浮动窗口 /// void ShowFlowForm() { flowForm.Show(Parent); flowForm.Location = new Point(rect.Left, rect.Top); Size newSize = new Size(rect.Width, rect.Height); if (newSize.Width > FlowFormMaxSize.Width) { newSize.Width = FlowFormMaxSize.Width; } newSize.Height = newSize.Height + (this.TitleVisible ? SystemInformation.CaptionHeight - this.titleBar.Height : SystemInformation.CaptionHeight); if (newSize.Height > FlowFormMaxSize.Height) { newSize.Height = FlowFormMaxSize.Height; } flowForm.Size = newSize; flowForm.Text = TitleText; while (this.Controls.Count > 2) { for (int i = 0; i < this.Controls.Count; i++) { if (this.Controls[i] != closeButton && this.Controls[i] != titleBar) { flowForm.Controls.Add(this.Controls[i]); break; } } } this.Visible = false; } /// /// 显示停靠面板 /// void ShowDockPanel() { this.Visible = true; while (flowForm.Controls.Count > 0) { this.Controls.Add(flowForm.Controls[0]); } flowForm.Hide(); } } }
C#做的俄罗斯方块游戏using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Xml; using System.IO; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; namespace RussiaBlock { public class MainForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form { #region 变量 private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1; private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel2; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button4; private System.Windows.Forms.Timer timer1; private Block block; private Block nextBlock; private int nextShapeNO; private bool paused; private DateTime atStart; private DateTime atPause; private TimeSpan pauseTime; private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel3; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1; private ControlForm sform; private Keys[] keys; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label4; private int level; private int startLevel; private bool trans; private int rowDelNum; private bool failed; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label5; private System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu mainMenu1; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem1; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem2; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem3; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem4; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem5; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem6; private AxWMPLib.AxWindowsMediaPlayer axMediaPlayer1; private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem menuItem7; private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components; #endregion public MainForm() { InitializeComponent(); } protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if( disposing ) { if(component

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