Net::HTTP Cheat Sheet（手册）

挪威的ruby开发者August Lilleaas最近整理了一些关于如何使用 Net::HTTP库的代码示例。

      Net::HTTP被广泛的使用到许多库中，类似John Nunemaker’s的HTTParty和Paul DIx’s的高性能Typhoeus。作为标准库的一部分，Net::HTTP虽然没有简单好记的API，但也算是一个不错的可选方案。

Standard HTTP Request

require "net/http"
require "uri"

uri = URI.parse("http://google.com/")

# Shortcut
response = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)

# Will print response.body
Net::HTTP.get_print(uri)

# Full
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
response = http.request(Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.request_uri))

Basic Auth

require "net/http"
require "uri"

uri = URI.parse("http://google.com/")

http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.request_uri)
request.basic_auth("username", "password")
response = http.request(request)

Dealing with response objects

require "net/http"
require "uri"

uri = URI.parse("http://google.com/")

http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.request_uri)

response = http.request(request)

response.code             # => 301
response.body             # => The body (HTML, XML, blob, whatever)
# Headers are lowercased
response["cache-control"] # => public, max-age=2592000

POST form request

require "net/http"
require "uri"

uri = URI.parse("http://example.com/search")

# Shortcut
response = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, {"q" => "My query", "per_page" => "50"})

# Full control
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)

request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri.request_uri)
request.set_form_data({"q" => "My query", "per_page" => "50"})

response = http.request(request)

File upload - input type="file" style

require "net/http"
require "uri"

# Token used to terminate the file in the post body. Make sure it is not
# present in the file you're uploading.
BOUNDARY = "AaB03x"

uri = URI.parse("http://something.com/uploads")
file = "/path/to/your/testfile.txt"

post_body = []
post_body < < "--#{BOUNDARY}\r\n"
post_body < < "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"datafile\"; filename=\"#{File.basename(file)}\"\r\n"
post_body < < "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"
post_body < < "\r\n"
post_body < < File.read(file)
post_body < < "\r\n--#{BOUNDARY}--\r\n"

http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri.request_uri)
request.body = post_body.join
request["Content-Type"] = "multipart/form-data, boundary=#{BOUNDARY}"

http.request(request)

SSL/HTTPS request

require "net/https"
require "uri"

uri = URI.parse("https://secure.com/")
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
http.use_ssl = true
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE

request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.request_uri)

response = http.request(request)
response.body
response.status
response["header-here"] # All headers are lowercase

SSL/HTTPS request with PEM certificate

require "net/https"
require "uri"

uri = URI.parse("https://secure.com/")
pem = File.read("/path/to/my.pem")
http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
http.use_ssl = true
http.cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(pem)
http.key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(pem)
http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER

request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri.request_uri)

REST methods

# Basic REST.
# Most REST APIs will set semantic values in response.body and response.code.
require "net/http"

http = Net::HTTP.new("api.restsite.com")

request = Net::HTTP::Post.new("/users")
request.set_form_data({"users[login]" => "quentin"})
response = http.request(request)
# Use nokogiri, hpricot, etc to parse response.body.

request = Net::HTTP::Get.new("/users/1")
response = http.request(request)
# As with POST, the data is in response.body.

request = Net::HTTP::Put.new("/users/1")
request.set_form_data({"users[login]" => "changed"})
response = http.request(request)

request = Net::HTTP::Delete.new("/users/1")
response = http.request(request)

查看更多的例子August’s net-http-cheat-sheet GitHub repo。