synchronized & volatile
synchronized关键字和volatile关键字比较
- volatile关键字是线程同步的轻量级实现,所以volatile性能肯定比synchronized关键字要好。但是volatile关键字只能用于变量而synchronized关键字可以修饰方法以及代码块。
- 多线程访问volatile关键字不会发生阻塞,而synchronized关键字可能会发生阻塞
- volatile关键字能保证数据的可见性,但不能保证数据的原子性。synchronized关键字两者都能保证。
- volatile关键字主要用于解决变量在多个线程之间的可见性,而 synchronized关键字解决的是多个线程之间访问资源的同步性。
synchronized
**修饰普通方法:**锁住对象实例
**修饰静态方法:**锁住整个类
**修饰代码块:**锁住一个对象 synchronized(lock) 即lock的内容
/**
- @author : fzz
*/
public class ThreadDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10,30,3L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
threadPoolExecutor.submit(()->{
ThreadDemo threadDemo = new ThreadDemo();
threadDemo.showB();
});
threadPoolExecutor.submit(()->{
ThreadDemo threadDemo1 = new ThreadDemo();
threadDemo1.showB();
});
threadPoolExecutor.submit(()->{
ThreadDemo.showA();
});
threadPoolExecutor.submit(()->{
ThreadDemo.showA();
});
threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
}
private static synchronized void showA(){
try {
Thread.sleep(3000L);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"===========> A");
}
private synchronized void showB(){
try {
Thread.sleep(3000L);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"===========> B");
}
}
打印结果:(前三个一起,过三秒后最后一个打印)
pool-1-thread-3===========> A
pool-1-thread-2===========> B
pool-1-thread-1===========> B
pool-1-thread-4===========> A
volatile:
仅能修饰变量、保证该变量的可见性(线程A:修改volatile修饰的对象,对线程B来说是可见的),但并不保证原子性,禁止指令重排
/**
* @author : fzz
*/
public class VolatileDemo {
private static volatile Integer count = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(10,30,3L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(10);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
threadPoolExecutor.submit(()->{
for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
count++;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==> A ==》"+ count);
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
System.out.println(count);
threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();
}
}
输出结果:最后count的值不是1000,不能保证原子性
synchronized & volatile 应用(懒汉单例模式)
/**
* @author : fzz
*/
public class SingletonDemo {
private volatile static SingletonDemo singletonDemo;
public static SingletonDemo getSingletonDemo(){
if(singletonDemo == null){
synchronized (SingletonDemo.class){
if (singletonDemo==null){
singletonDemo = new SingletonDemo();
}
}
}
return singletonDemo;
}
private SingletonDemo(){}
}
内置锁:
每个java对象都可以用做一个实现的同步锁,这些锁称为内置锁。线程进入同步代码块(方法)时,会自动获取该锁;退出时,会自动释放该锁。获取所得唯一方法就是进入同步代码块(方法)。
互斥锁:
内置锁是一个互斥锁,一个线程获取该锁,其他线程就会等待、或者阻塞。