Linux操作文档——部署Tomcat网站服务及其负载均衡

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-22 20:30:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-22 20:30:35 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/g950904/article/details/103957641

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Tomcat是一款轻量级应用服务器。

一、安装配置Tomcat

1、部署JAVA环境

JDK官方下载地址

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf jdk-8u261-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/src/jdk1.8.0_261/ /usr/local/sbin/jdk
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i.ori '$a export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/sbin/jdk\nexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH\nexport CLASSPATH=.$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar' /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_261"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_261-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.261-b12, mixed mode)

2、安装Tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://apache.otenet.gr/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.37/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/src/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/ /usr/local/bin/tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/bin/tomcat' >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R root.root /usr/local/sbin/jdk/ /usr/local/bin/tomcat/             //可更改为低权限用户
[root@localhost ~]# tail -4 /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/bin/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/bin/tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/bin/tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls
bin           CONTRIBUTING.md  logs       RELEASE-NOTES  webapps
BUILDING.txt  lib              NOTICE     RUNNING.txt    work
conf          LICENSE          README.md  temp
[root@localhost tomcat]# ll conf/
总用量 232
-rw------- 1 root root  12873 7月   1 04:14 catalina.policy
-rw------- 1 root root   7262 7月   1 04:14 catalina.properties
-rw------- 1 root root   1400 7月   1 04:14 context.xml
-rw------- 1 root root   1149 7月   1 04:14 jaspic-providers.xml
-rw------- 1 root root   2313 7月   1 04:14 jaspic-providers.xsd
-rw------- 1 root root   4144 7月   1 04:14 logging.properties
-rw------- 1 root root   7588 7月   1 04:14 server.xml
-rw------- 1 root root   2164 7月   1 04:14 tomcat-users.xml
-rw------- 1 root root   2558 7月   1 04:14 tomcat-users.xsd
-rw------- 1 root root 172359 7月   1 04:14 web.xml
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/bin/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-upper.png       tomcat.css        tomcat.svg
bg-button.png      favicon.ico        tomcat.gif        WEB-INF
bg-middle.png      index.jsp          tomcat.png
bg-nav.png         RELEASE-NOTES.txt  tomcat-power.gif
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/bin/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/bin/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/bin/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/sbin/jdk
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 8080
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      4006/java           
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

配置文件	说明
catalina.policy	权限控制配置文件
catalina.properties	Tomcat 属性配置文件
context.xml	上下文配置文件
logging.properties	日志log相关配置文件
server.xml	主配置文件
tomcat-users.xml	manager-gui管理用户配置文件
web.xml	Tomcat 的servlet、servlet—mappingx filter, MIME等相关配置

3、测试安装情况

在这里插入图片描述

二、添加网页

1、全局访问

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/bin/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
[root@localhost ROOT]# vim test.jsp
<%@ page language= "java" import= "java.util.*" pageEncoding= "UTF-8"%>
<html>
  <head>
        <title>JSP test1 page</title>
  </head>
<body>
  <% out.println("www.tomcat-test1.com");%>
</body>
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/bin/tomcat/work/Catalina/localhost/ROOT/
[root@localhost ROOT]# cd org/apache/jsp/
[root@localhost jsp]# ls
index_jsp.class  index_jsp.java  test_jsp.class  test_jsp.java
[root@localhost jsp]# cat test_jsp.java         //查看转换后的文件
......
      out.write("\n");
      out.write("<html>\n");
      out.write("  <head>\n");
      out.write("        <title>JSP test1 page</title>\n");
      out.write("  </head>\n");
      out.write("<body>\n");
      out.write("  ");
 out.println("www.tomcat-test1.com");
      out.write("\n");
      out.write("</body>\n");
      out.write("</html>\n");
......

在这里插入图片描述

2、缺省访问

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /web/webapps/myapp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /web/webapps/myapp/index.jsp 
<%@ page language= "java" import= "java.util.*" pageEncoding= "UTF-8"%>
<html>
  <head>
        <title>JSP test2 page</title>
  </head>
<body>
  <% out.println("www.tomcat-test2.com");%>
</body>
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /web/webapps/myapp/ /usr/local/bin/tomcat/webapps/

在这里插入图片描述

3、虚拟主机配置

定义一个虚拟主机，在Tomcat配置文件Host段下方进行添加context段，将网站文件路径指向已经建立的/web/webapp1/

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web/webapps/Root
[root@localhost ~]# vim /web/webapps/Root/test.jsp
<%@ page language= "java" import= "java.util.*" pageEncoding= "UTF-8"%>
<html>
  <head>
        <title>JSP test3 page</title>
  </head>
<body>
  <% out.println("www.tomcat-test3.com");%>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" reloadable="false">
        </Context>
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

参数	说明
docBase	web应用的文档基准目录
reloadable	设置监视“类” 是否变化
path=“”	设置默认"类“

三、添加管理用户（仅测试）

1、更改后台关闭功能

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/tomcat/conf/server.xml
<Server port="8005" shutdown="8371728193424254">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />

2、添加管理用户

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml 
......
-->
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="lisi" password="123456" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml 
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192.*" />
......
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
         allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192.*" />
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

在这里插入图片描述

四、搭建jpress

1、下载jpress软件包

[root@web ~]# wget https://gitee.com/JPressProjects/jpress/attach_files/489467/download/jpress-v3.3.0.war
[root@web ~]# mv jpress-v3.3.0.war /usr/local/bin/tomcat/webapps/jpress.war
[root@web ~]# ls /usr/local/bin/tomcat/webapps/
docs  examples  host-manager  jpress  jpress.war  manager  ROOT

2、部署MySQL环境

[root@web ~]# mkdir -p /server/soft
[root@web ~]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /server/soft/
[root@web ~]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64 
[root@web ~]# yum -y install libaio-devel
[root@web ~]# cd /server/soft/
[root@web soft]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@web soft]# ln -s /server/soft/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@web soft]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@web soft]# echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile
[root@web soft]# source /etc/profile
[root@web soft]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
[root@web soft]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@web soft]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@web soft]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
[root@web soft]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
[root@web soft]# cat >/etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> user=mysql
> basedir=/usr/local/mysql
> datadir=/data/mysql/data
> socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
> server_id=6
> port=3306
> [mysql]
> socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
> EOF
[root@web soft]# cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
> [Unit]
> Description=MySQL Server
> Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
> Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
> After=network.target
> After=syslog.target
> [Install]
> WantedBy=multi-user.target
> [Service]
> User=mysql
> Group=mysql
> ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
> LimitNOFILE = 5000
> EOF
[root@web soft]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@web soft]# netstat -anpt | grep mysql
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      31753/mysqld

3、创建操作用户

[root@web ~]# mysql
mysql> create database jpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on jpress.* to jpress@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

4、安装jpress

在这里插入图片描述

四、配置Nginx反向代理

1、安装Nginx

[root@sweb01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key

[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
[root@sweb01 ~]# yum -y install nginx

2、准备代理配置文件

[root@sweb01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf 
upstream java {
    server 192.168.1.10:8081 weight=1;
    server 192.168.1.10:8082 weight=1;
}
server {
    listen   80;
    server_name  www.study.com;
    root   html;
    index  index.html index.htm;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://java;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}
[root@sweb01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@sweb01 ~]# systemctl start nginx

五、tomcat优化

1、屏蔽dns查询

[root@web ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/tomcat/conf/server.xml
 <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
              connectionTimeout="6000" enableLookups="false" acceptCount="800"
               redirectPort="8443" />

2、加快Tomcat启动速度

[root@web ~]# find / -name "java.security"
/usr/src/jdk1.8.0_261/jre/lib/security/java.security
[root@web ~]# vim /usr/src/jdk1.8.0_261/jre/lib/security/java.security
securerandom.source=file:/dev/urandom

六、打包和解压war包

1、解压命令

[root@web ~]# mkdir /jpress
[root@web ~]# mv /jpress.war /jpress
[root@web ~]# cd /jpress/
[root@web jpress]# /usr/src/jdk1.8.0_261/bin/jar -xf jpress.war 
[root@web jpress]# ls
jpress.war  META-INF  robots.txt  static  templates  WEB-INF

2、打包命令

[root@web jpress]# /usr/src/jdk1.8.0_261/bin/jar -cfM0 jpress.war ./
[root@web jpress]# ls
jpress.war  META-INF  robots.txt  static  templates  WEB-INF

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Linux操作文档——部署Tomcat网站服务及其负载均衡

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