json模块、pickle模块（序列化）shelve模块、xml模块

json模块、pickle模块（序列化）shelve模块、xml模块

json模块：

json：与任何语言之间都可以进行信息交换（字符串的转换）

　　　经过json转换，所有类型均可先转换为双引号形式 再转换为str

例如：文件的读写：

1 #写文件：
2 import json
3 f = open("demo.txt","w")
4 dic = {"name":"g_l"}
5 dic_str = json.dumps(dic)
6 f.write(dic_str)
7 print(type(dic_str))
8 print(dic_str)

1 #读文件：
2 import json
3 f = open("demo.txt","r")
4 f_read = f.read()
5 f_read = json.loads(f_read)
6 print(type(f_read))
7 print(type(f_read))

仅仅针对文件操作的 load和dump：【dic f 参考上面两个代码】

　　json.dump(dic，f)

　　json.load(f)

packle模块：（支持函数、类等）

 序列化：把变量（对象）从内存中变成可存储或者传输的过程称为序列化

 1 import pickle
 2 dic = {"name":"alex","name":"g_l","age":18}
 3 # print(type(dic))
 4 j = pickle.dumps(dic)
 5 print(type(j))#字节类型
 6 print(j)
 7 f = open("序列化对象_pickle",'wb')
 8 pickle.dump(dic,f)#f.write()#不可读文件
 9 f.close()
10 # #---反序列化：
11 import pickle
12 f = open("序列化对象_pickle",'rb')
13 date = pickle.loads(f.read())#---->date = pickle.load(f)
14 print(type(date["age"]))
15 print(date["age"])

View Code

 shelve模块：

　　相对于pickle模块更简单，只有一个open函数；

　　返回类似于字典的对象；

　　可读可写；

　　key必须为字符串；

　　value是python可支持的所有类型

xml模块：

i.tag--->属性

i.attrib--->键值对（属性）

i.text--->标签下的内容

 1 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 2 tree = ET.parse("xml_lesson")
 3 root = tree.getroot()
 4 print(root)
 5 print(root.tag)
 6 for i in root:
 7     print(i)
 8     print(i.tag)
 9     print(i.attrib)
10     for sx in i:
11         print(i)
12         print(sx.tag)#打印属性
13         print(sx.attrib)
14         print(sx.text)
15 # #遍历节点：
16 for node in root.iter('year'):
17     print(node.tag,node.text)
18 
19 #修改信息：
20 for node in root.iter('year'):
21     new_year = int(node.text)+1
22     node.text=str(new_year)
23     node.set("updata","yes")
24 tree.write('xml_xg.xml')
25 
26 #删除信息：
27 for country in root.findall('country'):
28     gdp=int(country.find('gdp').text)
29     if gdp<5000:
30         root.remove(country)
31 tree.write('xml_xg.xml')
32 
33 #xml数据的创建:
34 import xml.etree.ElementTree as XET
35 new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")#根节点
36 """
37 创建 <namelist>
38     </namelist>标签
39 """
40 name = XET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
41 age = XET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
42 sex = XET.SubElement(name,"sex")
43 """
44     <namelist>
45         <name enrolled="yes"></name>
46         <age checked="no"></age>
47         <sex></sex>
48     </namelist>
49 """
50 sex.text='18'
51 name2 = XET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
52 age = XET.SubElement(name2,"age")
53 age.text = '8'
54 
55 et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)#生成文档对象
56 et.write("test.xml",encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)
57 
58 XET.dump(new_xml)#打印生成的格式

应用举例:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("xml_lesson")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root)
print(root.tag)
for i in root:
    print(i)
    print(i.tag)
    print(i.attrib)
    for sx in i:
        print(i)
        print(sx.tag)#打印属性
        print(sx.attrib)
        print(sx.text)
# #遍历节点：
for node in root.iter('year'):
    print(node.tag,node.text)

#修改信息：
for node in root.iter('year'):
    new_year = int(node.text)+1
    node.text=str(new_year)
    node.set("updata","yes")
tree.write('xml_xg.xml')

#删除信息：
for country in root.findall('country'):
    gdp=int(country.find('gdp').text)
    if gdp<5000:
        root.remove(country)
tree.write('xml_xg.xml')

#xml数据的创建:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as XET
new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")#根节点
"""
创建 <namelist>
    </namelist>标签
"""
name = XET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
age = XET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
sex = XET.SubElement(name,"sex")
"""
    <namelist>
        <name enrolled="yes"></name>
        <age checked="no"></age>
        <sex></sex>
    </namelist>
"""
sex.text='18'
name2 = XET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
age = XET.SubElement(name2,"age")
age.text = '8'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)#生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml",encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

XET.dump(new_xml)#打印生成的格式

应用举例

 

posted @ 2018-06-16 16:47 容颜-gl 阅读(...) 评论(...) 编辑 收藏