HBase standalone方式部署

软件版本

ubuntu20，hbase-2.4.0，ava-11-openjdk-amd64

hbase-2.4.0可以在https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hbase/中下载hbase-2.4.0-bin.tar.gz

解压HBase

使用命令解压到安装目录，我的目录为/home/linjx/Desktop/installed/hbase-2.4.0

tar -xzvf hbase-2.4.0-bin.tar.gz

修改HBase配置

一、修改conf/hbase-env.sh文件，设置hbase运行时的环境变量

    1、设置JAVA_HOME

    在命令行中查看java的安装路径

在hbase-env.sh添加一行，指定JAVA_HOME后保存即可

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64

hbase-env.sh的完整文件如下所示：

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
#/**
# * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# * distributed with this work for additional information
# * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
# *
# *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# *
# * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# * limitations under the License.
# */

# Set environment variables here.

# This script sets variables multiple times over the course of starting an hbase process,
# so try to keep things idempotent unless you want to take an even deeper look
# into the startup scripts (bin/hbase, etc.)

# The java implementation to use.  Java 1.8+ required.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64

# Extra Java CLASSPATH elements.  Optional.
# export HBASE_CLASSPATH=

# The maximum amount of heap to use. Default is left to JVM default.
# export HBASE_HEAPSIZE=1G

# Uncomment below if you intend to use off heap cache. For example, to allocate 8G of 
# offheap, set the value to "8G".
# export HBASE_OFFHEAPSIZE=1G

# Extra Java runtime options.
# Default settings are applied according to the detected JVM version. Override these default
# settings by specifying a value here. For more details on possible settings,
# see http://hbase.apache.org/book.html#_jvm_tuning
# export HBASE_OPTS

# Uncomment one of the below three options to enable java garbage collection logging for the server-side processes.

# This enables basic gc logging to the .out file.
# export SERVER_GC_OPTS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps"

# This enables basic gc logging to its own file.
# If FILE-PATH is not replaced, the log file(.gc) would still be generated in the HBASE_LOG_DIR .
# export SERVER_GC_OPTS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:<FILE-PATH>"

# This enables basic GC logging to its own file with automatic log rolling. Only applies to jdk 1.6.0_34+ and 1.7.0_2+.
# If FILE-PATH is not replaced, the log file(.gc) would still be generated in the HBASE_LOG_DIR .
# export SERVER_GC_OPTS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:<FILE-PATH> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=1 -XX:GCLogFileSize=512M"

# Uncomment one of the below three options to enable java garbage collection logging for the client processes.

# This enables basic gc logging to the .out file.
# export CLIENT_GC_OPTS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps"

# This enables basic gc logging to its own file.
# If FILE-PATH is not replaced, the log file(.gc) would still be generated in the HBASE_LOG_DIR .
# export CLIENT_GC_OPTS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:<FILE-PATH>"

# This enables basic GC logging to its own file with automatic log rolling. Only applies to jdk 1.6.0_34+ and 1.7.0_2+.
# If FILE-PATH is not replaced, the log file(.gc) would still be generated in the HBASE_LOG_DIR .
# export CLIENT_GC_OPTS="-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:<FILE-PATH> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=1 -XX:GCLogFileSize=512M"

# See the package documentation for org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.hfile for other configurations
# needed setting up off-heap block caching. 

# Uncomment and adjust to enable JMX exporting
# See jmxremote.password and jmxremote.access in $JRE_HOME/lib/management to configure remote password access.
# More details at: http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html
# NOTE: HBase provides an alternative JMX implementation to fix the random ports issue, please see JMX
# section in HBase Reference Guide for instructions.

# export HBASE_JMX_BASE="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false"
# export HBASE_MASTER_OPTS="$HBASE_MASTER_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10101"
# export HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS="$HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10102"
# export HBASE_THRIFT_OPTS="$HBASE_THRIFT_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10103"
# export HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_OPTS="$HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10104"
# export HBASE_REST_OPTS="$HBASE_REST_OPTS $HBASE_JMX_BASE -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10105"

# File naming hosts on which HRegionServers will run.  $HBASE_HOME/conf/regionservers by default.
# export HBASE_REGIONSERVERS=${HBASE_HOME}/conf/regionservers

# Uncomment and adjust to keep all the Region Server pages mapped to be memory resident
#HBASE_REGIONSERVER_MLOCK=true
#HBASE_REGIONSERVER_UID="hbase"

# File naming hosts on which backup HMaster will run.  $HBASE_HOME/conf/backup-masters by default.
# export HBASE_BACKUP_MASTERS=${HBASE_HOME}/conf/backup-masters

# Extra ssh options.  Empty by default.
# export HBASE_SSH_OPTS="-o ConnectTimeout=1 -o SendEnv=HBASE_CONF_DIR"

# Where log files are stored.  $HBASE_HOME/logs by default.
# export HBASE_LOG_DIR=${HBASE_HOME}/logs

# Enable remote JDWP debugging of major HBase processes. Meant for Core Developers 
# export HBASE_MASTER_OPTS="$HBASE_MASTER_OPTS -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=8070"
# export HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS="$HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=8071"
# export HBASE_THRIFT_OPTS="$HBASE_THRIFT_OPTS -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=8072"
# export HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_OPTS="$HBASE_ZOOKEEPER_OPTS -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=8073"
# export HBASE_REST_OPTS="$HBASE_REST_OPTS -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=8074"

# A string representing this instance of hbase. $USER by default.
# export HBASE_IDENT_STRING=$USER

# The scheduling priority for daemon processes.  See 'man nice'.
# export HBASE_NICENESS=10

# The directory where pid files are stored. /tmp by default.
# export HBASE_PID_DIR=/var/hadoop/pids

# Seconds to sleep between slave commands.  Unset by default.  This
# can be useful in large clusters, where, e.g., slave rsyncs can
# otherwise arrive faster than the master can service them.
# export HBASE_SLAVE_SLEEP=0.1

# Tell HBase whether it should manage it's own instance of ZooKeeper or not.
# export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=true

# The default log rolling policy is RFA, where the log file is rolled as per the size defined for the 
# RFA appender. Please refer to the log4j.properties file to see more details on this appender.
# In case one needs to do log rolling on a date change, one should set the environment property
# HBASE_ROOT_LOGGER to "<DESIRED_LOG LEVEL>,DRFA".
# For example:
# HBASE_ROOT_LOGGER=INFO,DRFA
# The reason for changing default to RFA is to avoid the boundary case of filling out disk space as 
# DRFA doesn't put any cap on the log size. Please refer to HBase-5655 for more context.

# Tell HBase whether it should include Hadoop's lib when start up,
# the default value is false,means that includes Hadoop's lib.
# export HBASE_DISABLE_HADOOP_CLASSPATH_LOOKUP="true"

# Override text processing tools for use by these launch scripts.
# export GREP="${GREP-grep}"
# export SED="${SED-sed}"

二、修改conf/hbase-site.xml

首先创建一个目录用于指定HBase的数据目录，假设为/home/linjx/Desktop/installed/hbase-2.4.0/data/hbasedata，在hbase-site.xml中增加hbase.rootdir项，指定HBase数据目录

创建一个目录用于指定HBase自带zookeeper的数据目录，假设为/home/linjx/Desktop/installed/hbase-2.4.0/data/zkdata，在hbase-site.xml中增加hbase.rootdir项，指定zookeeper数据目录

  <property>
    <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
    <value>/home/linjx/Desktop/installed/hbase-2.4.0/data/hbasedata</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
    <value>/home/linjx/Desktop/installed/hbase-2.4.0/data/zkdata</value>
  </property>

hbase-site.xml的完整文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
-->
<configuration>
  <!--
    The following properties are set for running HBase as a single process on a
    developer workstation. With this configuration, HBase is running in
    "stand-alone" mode and without a distributed file system. In this mode, and
    without further configuration, HBase and ZooKeeper data are stored on the
    local filesystem, in a path under the value configured for `hbase.tmp.dir`.
    This value is overridden from its default value of `/tmp` because many
    systems clean `/tmp` on a regular basis. Instead, it points to a path within
    this HBase installation directory.
    Running against the `LocalFileSystem`, as opposed to a distributed
    filesystem, runs the risk of data integrity issues and data loss. Normally
    HBase will refuse to run in such an environment. Setting
    `hbase.unsafe.stream.capability.enforce` to `false` overrides this behavior,
    permitting operation. This configuration is for the developer workstation
    only and __should not be used in production!__
    See also https://hbase.apache.org/book.html#standalone_dist
  -->
  <property>
    <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
    <value>/home/linjx/Desktop/installed/hbase-2.4.0/data/hbasedata</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
    <value>/home/linjx/Desktop/installed/hbase-2.4.0/data/zkdata</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
    <value>false</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hbase.tmp.dir</name>
    <value>./tmp</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hbase.unsafe.stream.capability.enforce</name>
    <value>false</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

启动HBase

    在命令行中cd到HBase安装目录，执行脚本

./bin/start-hbase.sh

在浏览器中输入127.0.0.1:16010，打开Hbase Web UI，HBase启动成功

在终端中输入./bin/hbase shell 进入hbase 客户端shell，创建一个表，测试hbase功能正常

启动Thrift2 server

Thrift server是HBase中的一种服务，主要用于对多语言API的支持。基于Apache Thrift（多语言支持的通信框架）开发，目前有两种版本thrift和thrift2。
thrift2是当时为了适应新的Java API，提出来的。由于种种原因，thrift2没有完美兼容并替代thrift，所有就留下了两个版本。
Thrift2没有DDL方面的接口，所以现在Hue还是用Thrift的接口。如果你只想读写数据，建议用Thrift2。

hbase用java来操作是最方便，也效率最高的方式。但java并非轻量级，不方便在任何环境下调试。而且不同的开发人员熟悉的语言不一样，开发效率也不一样。hbase 通过thrift，还可以用python,ruby,cpp,perl等语言来操作。
thrift是facebook开发开源的类似google的protobuf的远程调用组件。但protobuf只有数据的序列化，且只支持二进制协议，没有远程调用部分。protobuf原生支持cpp,python,java,另外还有第三方实现的objectc，ruby等语言。而thrift是实现了序列化，传输，协议定义，远程调用等功能，跨语言能力更多。某些方面二者可以互相替代，但一些方面则各有适用范围。

启动HBase成功后，在控制台中启动Thrift2，输入命令

./bin/hbase-daemon.sh start thrift2

在终端输入命令jps，查看hbase与thrift2启动进程信息

jps

停止HBase与Thrift2

停止thrift2命令：

./bin/hbase-daemon.sh stop thrift2

停止HBase命令：

./bin/stop-hbase.sh