AdvancedInheritance
描述
不同的动物既有共性也有个性。鸟类会飞，鱼会游泳。请设计类的层次结构进行表示，并通过以下测试
int main()
{
Animal *animal;
string type, color;
bool Osteichthyes, daytime;
cin >> type >> color >> Osteichthyes;
Fish fish(type, color, Osteichthyes);
fish.Print();
animal = &fish;
animal->Print();
cin >> type >> color >> daytime;
Bird bird(type, color, daytime);
bird.Print();
animal = &bird;
animal->Print();
return 0;
}
输入
鱼类型 鱼的颜色 是否硬骨鸟类型 鸟的颜色 是否白天活动
输出
见样例，冒号和逗号后有一个空格
输入样例 1
chub white 1 swallow black 1
输出样例 1
type: chub, color: white, Osteichthyes: 1 type: chub, color: white, Osteichthyes: 1 type: swallow, color: black, daytime: 1 type: swallow, color: black, daytime: 1
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
string type, color;
bool yes;
virtual void Print() {}
};
class Fish :public Animal
{
public:
int yes;
Fish(string t, string c, bool y)
{
type = t;
color = c;
yes = y;
}
virtual void Print()
{
cout << "type: " << type << ", color: " << color << ", Osteichthyes: " << yes << endl;
}
};
class Bird :public Animal
{
public:
int yes;
Bird(string t, string c, bool y)
{
type = t;
color = c;
yes = y;
}
virtual void Print()
{
cout << "type: " << type << ", color: " << color << ", daytime: " << yes << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Animal* animal;
string type, color;
bool Osteichthyes, daytime;
cin >> type >> color >> Osteichthyes;
Fish fish(type, color, Osteichthyes);
fish.Print();
animal = &fish;
animal->Print();
cin >> type >> color >> daytime;
Bird bird(type, color, daytime);
bird.Print();
animal = &bird;
animal->Print();
return 0;
}
有理数类
描述
设计一个有理数类Rational，要求对运算符“+”“-”“*”“/”和“+=”“-=”“=”“/=”进行重载，完成有理数的加减乘除以及加减乘除复合赋值运算；并且重载“<<”和“>>”操作符完成有理数的输入和输出。最后，重载“==”和“!=”比较两个有理数是否相等。
类的定义如下：
class Rational
{
private:
int z; //分子
int m; //分母
public:
Rational(int a=0, int b=1); //构造有理数分数，分子默认为0，分母默认为1
Rational& yuefen(); //约分函数对分数化简
friend Rational operator+(const Rational &r1, const Rational &r2);
friend Rational operator-(const Rational &r1, const Rational &r2);
friend Rational operator*(const Rational &r1, const Rational &r2);
friend Rational operator/(const Rational &r1, const Rational &r2);
Rational & operator+=(const Rational &r);
Rational & operator-=(const Rational &r);
Rational & operator*=(const Rational &r);
Rational & operator/=(const Rational &r);
friend bool operator==(const Rational &, const Rational &);//判断两个有理数是否相等
friend bool operator!=(const Rational &, const Rational &);//判断两个有理数是否不等
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &, const Rational &);
friend istream & operator>>(istream &, Rational &);
};
使用以下的main函数体进行测试：
int main()
{
Rational r1, r2, r3;
while (cin >> r1 >> r2)
{
cout << "r1 = " << r1 << "\n" << "r2 = " << r2 << endl;
r3 = r1 + r2;
cout << "r1+r2 = " << r3 << endl;
r3 = r1 - r2;
cout << "r1-r2 = " << r3 << endl;
r3 = r1 * r2;
cout << "r1*r2 = " << r3 << endl;
r3 = r1 / r2;
cout << "r1/r2 = " << r3 << endl;
cout << (r1 == r2) << " " << (r1 != r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 += r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 -= r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 *= r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 /= r2) << endl;
}
return 0;
}
输入
输入r1,r2的值
输出
输出r1,r2在各种操作之后的值。
输入样例 1
-4 6 2 -5
输出样例 1
r1 = -2/3 r2 = -2/5 r1+r2 = -16/15 r1-r2 = -4/15 r1*r2 = 4/15 r1/r2 = 5/3 0 1 -16/15 -2/3 4/15 -2/3
提示
Rational& yuefen();该函数原理是求得分子和分母的最大公约数gcd,然后将m和z除以gcd得到最简分数形式。求最大公约数的方法叫做 辗转相除法，具体可上网查询。- 观察输出，负号总是在分子前，若输入不符合该情形，需做相应处理。
- 分数总以化简形式输出，可在所有成员函数及运算符函数内恰当位置调用
yuefen
// 注意：无需提交main函数和Rational类定义，提交Rational类实现及其他相关代码
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rational
{
private:
int z; //分子
int m; //分母
public:
Rational(int a = 0, int b = 1); //构造有理数分数，分子默认为0，分母默认为1
Rational& yuefen(); //约分函数对分数化简
friend Rational operator+(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2);
friend Rational operator-(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2);
friend Rational operator*(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2);
friend Rational operator/(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2);
Rational& operator+=(const Rational& r);
Rational& operator-=(const Rational& r);
Rational& operator*=(const Rational& r);
Rational& operator/=(const Rational& r);
friend bool operator==(const Rational&, const Rational&);//判断两个有理数是否相等
friend bool operator!=(const Rational&, const Rational&);//判断两个有理数是否不等
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const Rational&);
friend istream& operator>>(istream&, Rational&);
};
Rational::Rational(int a, int b)
{
z = a;
m = b;
}
Rational& Rational::yuefen()
{
if (z == 0)return *this;
int x, y, r;
if (abs(z) > abs(m)) {
x = abs(z);
y = abs(m);
}
else {
x = abs(m);
y = abs(z);
}
r = x % y;
while (r != 0)
{
x = y;
y = r;
r = x % y;
}
z = z / y;
m = m / y;
if (m < 0 && z < 0) {
z = abs(z);
m = abs(m);
}
else if (m < 0 && z>0) {
z = -z;
m = abs(m);
}
return *this;
}
Rational operator+(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2)
{
Rational r;
r.m = r1.m * r2.m;
r.z = r1.z * r2.m + r2.z * r1.m;
r.yuefen();
return r;
}
Rational operator-(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2)
{
Rational r;
r.z = r1.z * r2.m - r2.z * r1.m;
r.m = r1.m * r2.m;
r.yuefen();
return r;
}
Rational operator*(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2)
{
Rational r;
r.z = r1.z * r2.z;
r.m = r1.m * r2.m;
r.yuefen();
return r;
}
Rational operator/(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2)
{
Rational r;
r.z = r1.z * r2.m;
r.m = r1.m * r2.z;
r.yuefen();
return r;
}
Rational& Rational::operator+=(const Rational& r)
{
this->z = this->z * r.m + this->m * r.z;
this->m = this->m * r.m;
this->yuefen();
return *this;
}
Rational& Rational::operator-=(const Rational& r)
{
this->z = this->z * r.m - this->m * r.z;
this->m = this->m * r.m;
this->yuefen();
return *this;
}
Rational& Rational::operator*=(const Rational& r)
{
this->z = this->z * r.z;
this->m = this->m * r.m;
this->yuefen();
return *this;
}
Rational& Rational::operator/=(const Rational& r)
{
this->z = this->z * r.m;
this->m = this->m * r.z;
this->yuefen();
return *this;
}
bool operator==(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2)
{
if ((r1.z == r2.z) && (r1.m == r2.m))
{
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
bool operator!=(const Rational& r1, const Rational& r2)
{
if ((r1.z != r2.z) || (r1.m != r2.m))
{
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Rational& Ra)
{
os << Ra.z << "/" << Ra.m;
return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Rational& Ra)
{
is >> Ra.z >> Ra.m;
Ra.yuefen();
return is;
}
int main()
{
Rational r1, r2, r3;
while (cin >> r1 >> r2)
{
cout << "r1 = " << r1 << "\n" << "r2 = " << r2 << endl;
r3 = r1 + r2;
cout << "r1+r2 = " << r3 << endl;
r3 = r1 - r2;
cout << "r1-r2 = " << r3 << endl;
r3 = r1 * r2;
cout << "r1*r2 = " << r3 << endl;
r3 = r1 / r2;
cout << "r1/r2 = " << r3 << endl;
cout << (r1 == r2) << " " << (r1 != r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 += r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 -= r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 *= r2) << endl;
cout << (r1 /= r2) << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Line
描述
表示点和线是几何学的基础。请实现模板类的点(Point2)以及线段(Line2)，并计算线段长度 Line2::Length();完成以上类，并通过以下测试
int main()
{
Point2<double> pt1(1.0, 1.0);
Point2<double> pt2(3.0, 4.0);
Line2<double> line(pt1, pt2);
cout << line.Length() << endl;
int x1,y1, x2, y2;
cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
Line2<int> nLine(Point2<int>(x1, y1), Point2<int>(x2, y2));
cout << nLine.Length()<< endl;
return 0;
}
输入
两个点的x,y坐标
输出
参考样例输出
输入样例 1
1 2 3 4
输出样例 1
3.60555 2
提示
数学函数头文件为<cmath>
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class Point2
{
private:
T x;
T y;
public:
Point2(T a, T b) :x(a), y(b) {}
T getX() { return x; }
T getY() { return y; }
};
template<typename T>
class Line2 {
private:
Point2<T> p1;
Point2<T> p2;
public:
Line2(Point2<T> a, Point2<T> b) :p1(a), p2(b) {}
T Length()
{
return sqrt(abs((p1.getX() - p2.getX()) * (p1.getX() - p2.getX()) + (p1.getY() - p2.getY()) * (p1.getY() - p2.getY())));
}
};
int main()
{
Point2<double> pt1(1.0, 1.0);
Point2<double> pt2(3.0, 4.0);
Line2<double> line(pt1, pt2);
cout << line.Length() << endl;
int x1, y1, x2, y2;
cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
Line2<int> nLine(Point2<int>(x1, y1), Point2<int>(x2, y2));
cout << nLine.Length() << endl;
return 0;
}
铁轨
描述
某城市有一个火车站，铁轨铺设如图所示。有n节车厢从A方向驶入车站，按进站顺序编号为1~n。你的任务是让它们按照某种特定的顺序进入B方向的铁轨并驶出车站。为了重组车厢，你可以借助中转站C。这是一个可以停放任意多节车厢的车站，但由于末端封闭，驶入C的车厢必须按照相反的顺序驶出C。对于每个车厢，一旦从A移入C，就不能再回到A了；一旦从C移入B，就不能回到C了。换句话说，在任一时刻，只有两种选择：A->C和C->B。
请编程判断：按给定的出站顺序，火车能否出站。
输入
输入包含多组测试数据，每组数据的第一行是一个正整数n(1<n<1000)，第二行是第1个~第n个这n个整数的一个全排列。
输出
对于每一组测试数据，如果能按要求完成车厢重组，请输出“Yes”,否则输出“No”，每组输出占一行。
输入样例 1
5 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 4 1 2 3 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
输出样例 1
Yes No Yes
提示
#include<iostream>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int n, rail[1000];
int main()
{
while (scanf("%d", &n) == 1)
{
stack<int> s;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &rail[i]);
}
int flag, a, b;
flag = a = b = 1;
while (b <= n)
{
if (a == rail[b])
{
a++;
b++;
}
else if (!s.empty() && s.top() == rail[b])
{
s.pop();
b++;
}
else if (a <= n)
s.push(a++);
else
{
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
printf("%s\n", flag ? "Yes" : "No");
}
return 0;
}
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