一个程序详细介绍向量vector的使用方法

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<assert.h>
#include<windows.h>//染色
using namespace std;

//随机创建数组并赋值给向量容器
// 生成有n个元素的随机数组,每个元素的随机范围为[rangeL, rangeR] 闭区间
void* create(vector<int> &v) {
	int n = 0;
	cout << "请输入迭代器元素个数" << endl;
	cin >> n;
	int rangeL = 1;
	int rangeR = 50;
	assert(rangeL <= rangeR);

	int* arr = new int[n]; // 创建一个 n个元素的数组

	srand(time(NULL)); // 随机种子
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		arr[i] = rand() % (rangeR - rangeL + 1) + rangeL;
	
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(arr[i]);
	}
	cout << "创建成功!" << endl;
	return arr;
}

void create1(vector<int> &v)//手动创建向量容器
{
	int n=0;
	int num = 0;
	cout << "输入要创建向量的数量" << endl;
	cin >> n;
	
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cout << "请输入第" << i<< "个向量元素" << endl;
		cin >> num;
		v.push_back(num);
	}
	cout << "创建成功" << endl;
}

void Print(vector<int> v)//打印所有向量中的元素
{
	vector<int>::iterator it;
	cout << " 用迭代器输出" << endl;
	for (it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout<< * it << "  ";
	}

	cout << endl;
	cout << "用数组输出" <<endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
	{
		cout<< v[i] << "  ";
	}
}

void Sort(vector<int> &v)//给向量容器中的数字排序
{
	sort(v.begin(), v.end());
	cout << "操作成功\n下面是排序之后的序列：" <<endl;

	Print(v);
}

void Print_top_tail(vector<int> &v)//打印向量容器的首尾元素并修改
{
	int choice = 0;
	cout << "向量头部元素为：" << v.front() << endl;
	cout << "向量尾部元素为：" << v.back() << endl;
	cout << "向量的头尾部元素可以随便修改\n你想修改吗\n修改的话请随便按一个数字，不改请按0\n" << endl;
	cin >> choice;
	if (choice)
	{
		int n = 0, m = 0;
		cout << "请分别输入头尾的值，用空格隔开" << endl;
		cin >> n >> m;
		v.front() = n;
		v.back() = m;
	}
	cout << "修改之后：" << endl;
		cout << "向量头部元素为：" << v.front() << endl;
	cout << "向量尾部元素为：" << v.back() << endl;
}

void Delete(vector<int> &v)//向容器中删除或者插入新元素
{
	int choice = 0;
	int num = 0;
	cout << "1、插入\n2、删除\n";
	cin>> choice;
	if (choice == 1)
	{
		cout << "输入插入元素" << endl;
		cin >> num;
		v.insert(v.begin(), num);
	}
	else if (choice == 2)
	{
		v.pop_back();
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "非法输入!" << endl;
	}
	cout << "操作之后的向量：" << endl;
	Print(v);
}

void Instruct(vector<int> v)
{
	int choice = 0;
	cout << "\t\t\t-------------------------欢迎来到向量专题学习栏目-------------------\n";
	printf("\t\t\t\t请选择你想要的操作\n\t\t\t\t1、直接给我初始化一个随机的向量\n\t\t\t\t2、我要自己创建向量\n\t\t\t\t3、遍历输出\n");
	cout << "\t\t\t\t4、给迭代器排序\n\t\t\t\t5、输出头部、尾部元素\n\t\t\t\t6、删除尾部元素或头部插入元素" << endl;
	while (cin >> choice && choice != 0)
	{
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 1:create(v); break;
		case 2:create1(v); break;
		case 3:Print(v); break;
		case 4:Sort(v); break;
		case 5:Print_top_tail(v); break;
		case 6:Delete(v); break;
			/*case 7:Calculate_Node(T); break;
			case 8:Swap_child(T); break;*/
		default:cout << "输错啦，请重新输入...\n" << endl;
			break;
		}
	}
}
int main()
{
	system("color 0A");
	vector<int> v;
	Instruct(v);
}