43. Multiply Strings（重要）

Given two numbers represented as strings, return multiplication of the numbers as a string.

Note:

• The numbers can be arbitrarily large and are non-negative.
• Converting the input string to integer is NOT allowed.
• You should NOT use internal library such as BigInteger.

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class Solution {
public:
	string multiply(string num1, string num2) {
		int m = num1.size();
		int n = num2.size();
		vector<int> res(m+n,0);
		for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){
			for (int j = 0; j < n; j++){
				res[i+j+1] += (num1[i]-'0') * (num2[j]-'0');
			}
		}
		
		int carry = 0;
		for (int i = m + n-1; i >= 0; i--){
			int tmp = res[i] + carry;
			res[i] = tmp % 10;
			carry = tmp / 10;
		}

		int i = 0;
		while (i<m+n&&res[i] == 0) i++;//注意有乘以0的情况发生

		string ret;
		for (; i < m + n; i++){
			ret += res[i] + '0';
		}
		return ret.empty() ? "0" : ret;
	}
};

几个附带的问题。

1.大数字符串相加

string addString(string num1, string num2){
	int m = num1.size();
	int n = num2.size();
	int k = max(m, n);
	vector<int> res(k + 1, 0);
	int i = m - 1, j = n - 1;
	int carry = 0;
	while (i >= 0 || j >= 0){
		int d1 = i >= 0 ? num1[i] - '0' : 0;
		int d2 = j >= 0 ? num2[j] - '0' : 0;
		int tmp = d1+ d2+ carry;
		res[k] = tmp % 10;
		carry = tmp / 10;
		i--; j--; k--;
	}
	i = 0;
	while (i <= max(m, n) && res[i] == 0) i++;
	string ret;
	if (carry) ret += carry + '0';
	for (; i <= max(m, n); i++){
		ret += res[i] + '0';
	}
	return ret.empty() ? "0" : ret;
}

2.大数字符串相减

从后向前模拟减法，计算每一位的值时，用被减数的位减去减数，再加上10，再减去借位，结果模上10就行了。

借位则是看之前的结果是否小于10，如果小于10说明借位了。

string coreSub(string num1, string num2){
	int m = num1.size() - 1;
	int n = num2.size() - 1;
	int borrow = 0;
	vector<int> res(m+1, 0);
	while (m >= 0){
		int d1 = num1[m] - '0';
		int d2 = n >= 0 ? num2[n] - '0' : 0;
		int tmp = d1 - d2 + 10 - borrow;
		res[m] = tmp % 10;
		borrow = tmp < 10 ? 1 : 0;

		m--;
		n--;
	}
	int i = 0;
	while (i < num1.size() && res[i] == 0) i++;
	string ret;
	for (; i < num1.size(); i++){
		ret += res[i] + '0';
	}
	return ret.empty() ? "0" : ret;
}

string subString(string num1, string num2){
	int m = num1.size();
	int n = num2.size();
	if (m > n){
		return coreSub(num1, num2);
	}
	else if (m < n){
		return "-"+coreSub(num2, num1);
	}
	else{
		if (num1 > num2){
			return coreSub(num1, num2);
		}
		else if (num1 < num2){
			return "-" + coreSub(num2, num1);
		}
		else{
			return "0";
		}
	}
}

测试：

	cout << subString("12", "34") << endl;
	cout << subString("12345", "78") << endl;
	cout << subString("0", "0") << endl;

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