Linux网络管理—nmcli命令

作用：用于控制 NetworkManager 的命令行工具，会将修改写入对应的配置文件。

1. 查看连接

• 罗列出所有的连接：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection show 
  NAME    UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE 
  enp0s3  08e656c0-38ac-4cd1-b885-ce919221a530  ethernet  enp0s3 
  virbr0  37b8848a-8e82-4428-b286-a48f237649d1  bridge    virbr0
  

• 查看某个连接的具体信息：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection show enp0s3
  connection.id:                          enp0s3
  connection.uuid:                        08e656c0-38ac-4cd1-b885-ce919221a530
  connection.stable-id:                   --
  connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
  connection.interface-name:              enp0s3
  connection.autoconnect:                 yes
  ...
  

2. 新建连接

为网卡 enp0s3 创建名为 conn1 的连接.

[root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name conn1 ifname enp0s3 
Connection 'conn1' (a64c5e48-eb89-41eb-81c5-6404f8379ee9) successfully added.

[root@localhost ming]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ | grep conn1
ifcfg-conn1

3. 启停连接

[root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection up conn1 
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)

[root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection down conn1 
Connection 'conn1' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)

4. 修改连接

注意：修改之后需要重新加载连接，nmcli connection reload.

IP地址

• 设置 IP 地址：如果已有 IP 地址，则将 IP 地址修改为新的地址；且如果有多个的话，修改之后也只会剩下新指定的地址.

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 ipv4.addresses 20.0.0.11/24
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1 
  ...
  IPADDR=20.0.0.11
  PREFIX=24
  

• 添加 IP 地址：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 +ipv4.addresses 30.0.0.10/24
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1 
  ...
  IPADDR=20.0.0.11
  PREFIX=24
  IPADDR1=30.0.0.10
  PREFIX1=24
  

• 删除 IP 地址：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 -ipv4.addresses 30.0.0.10/24
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1 
  ...
  IPADDR=20.0.0.11
  PREFIX=24
  

DNS

• 设置 DNS：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
  

• 增加 DNS：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 +ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114
  

• 删除 DNS：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 -ipv4.dns 114.114.114.114
  

路由

• 设置路由：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 ipv4.routes "20.0.0.0/24 10.0.0.1"
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-conn1 
  ADDRESS0=20.0.0.0
  NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
  GATEWAY0=10.0.0.1
  

• 增加路由：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 +ipv4.routes "30.0.0.0/24 10.0.0.1"
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-conn1 
  ADDRESS0=20.0.0.0
  NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
  GATEWAY0=10.0.0.1
  ADDRESS1=30.0.0.0
  NETMASK1=255.255.255.0
  GATEWAY1=10.0.0.1
  

• 删除路由：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 -ipv4.routes "30.0.0.0/24 10.0.0.1"
  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 -ipv4.routes "20.0.0.0/24 10.0.0.1"
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-conn1 
  [root@localhost ming]#
  

网关

• 设置网关：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 ipv4.gateway 20.0.0.1
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1 
  ...
  GATEWAY=20.0.0.1
  

  此处 +ipv4.gateway 的功能等同于 ipv4.gateway. 而且 -ipv4.gateway 不会删除网关.

• 删除网关：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 ipv4.gateway 0.0.0.0
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1 | grep GATEWAY
  [root@localhost ming]#
  

自动连接

• 取消自动连接：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 connection.autoconnect no
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1
  ...
  ONBOOT=no
  ...
  

• 设置自动连接：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection modify conn1 connection.autoconnect yes
  [root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1
  ...
  ONBOOT=yes
  ...
  

5. 删除连接

[root@localhost ming]# nmcli connection delete conn1 
Connection 'conn1' (a64c5e48-eb89-41eb-81c5-6404f8379ee9) successfully deleted.

[root@localhost ming]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1
cat: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-conn1: No such file or directory

---

6. 查看设备

• 查看设备的概要信息：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli device status
  DEVICE      TYPE      STATE      CONNECTION 
  enp0s3      ethernet  connected  enp0s3     
  virbr0      bridge    connected  virbr0     
  lo          loopback  unmanaged  --         
  virbr0-nic  tun       unmanaged  --
  

• 查看某个设备的详细信息：

  [root@localhost ming]# nmcli device show enp0s3 
  GENERAL.DEVICE:                         enp0s3
  GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet
  GENERAL.HWADDR:                         08:00:27:96:37:17
  GENERAL.MTU:                            1500
  GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)
  GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     enp0s3
  GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnectio
  WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on
  IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         10.0.2.15/24
  IP4.GATEWAY:                            10.0.2.2
  IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 10.0.2.2, mt = 100
  IP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 10.0.2.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
  IP4.DNS[1]:                             222.201.130.30
  IP4.DNS[2]:                             222.201.130.33
  IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::6a06:7351:c053:d277/64
  IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
  IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
  IP6.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255
  

7. 删除设备

只能删除虚拟设备.

[root@localhost ming]# nmcli device delete br0
Device 'br0' successfully removed.