whatever some reasons, texmaker in ubuntu has no link with aspell. So, we only can use the dictionary file.
1. install hunspell
sudo apt-get install hunspell
in the location /usr/share/hunspell/, there is a dictionary file en_US.dic.
2. in texmaker, click the Options-> texmaker configure -> editor, set the path /usr/share/hunspell/en_US.dic in the spell dictionary.