直方图均衡化，提高灰度图对比度

void GetHistogram(const Mat &image, int *histogram)
{
    memset(histogram, 0, 256 * sizeof(int));
 
    //计算直方图
    int pixelCount = image.cols*image.rows;
    uchar *imageData = image.data;
    for (int i = 0; i <= pixelCount - 1; ++i)
    {
        int gray = imageData[i];
        histogram[gray]++;
    }
}
 
void EqualizeHistogram(const Mat &srcImage, Mat &dstImage)
{
    CV_Assert(srcImage.type() == CV_8UC1);
    dstImage.create(srcImage.size(), srcImage.type());
 
    // 计算直方图
    int histogram[256];
    GetHistogram(srcImage, histogram);
 
    // 计算分布函数(也就是变换函数f(x))
    int numberOfPixel = srcImage.rows*srcImage.cols;
    int LUT[256];
    LUT[0] = 1.0*histogram[0] / numberOfPixel*255;
    int sum = histogram[0];
    for (int i = 1; i <= 255; ++i)
    {
        sum += histogram[i];
 
        LUT[i] = 1.0*sum / numberOfPixel * 255;
    }
 
    // 灰度变换
    uchar *dataOfSrc = srcImage.data;
    uchar *dataOfDst = dstImage.data;
    for (int i = 0; i <= numberOfPixel - 1; ++i)
        dataOfDst[i] = LUT[dataOfSrc[i]];
}

当然opencv有直接可以实现的函数：equalizeHist()函数。