Springmvc的工作流程

1. 老规矩先上图

2. 步骤解析

springMVC是的请求处理全部都是围绕则 DispatcherServlet 来进行统一调度的，实际工作这是交给相应的组件进行处理

1、DispatcherServlet：前端控制器

前端控制器负责将请求拦截下来并分发到相应的控制器方法中

上代码，通过代码可以看出，DispatcherServlet只是获取相应的组件，然后由组件进行处理

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
        HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
        boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

        WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

        try {
            ModelAndView mv = null;
            Exception dispatchException = null;

            try {
                processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
                multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

                // 进行映射 2、获取相应的 HandlerMapping
                mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
                if (mappedHandler == null) {
                    noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
                    return;
                }

                // 3、找到最合适的HandlerAdapter
                HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

                // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.  HTTP缓存相关
                String method = request.getMethod();
                boolean isGet = HttpMethod.GET.matches(method);
                if (isGet || HttpMethod.HEAD.matches(method)) {
                    long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                    if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
                        return;
                    }
                }
                // 前置拦截器
                if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
                    // 返回false就不进行后续处理了
                    return;
                }

                // Actually invoke the handler. 4、执行相应的handler处理逻辑
                mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

                if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                    return;
                }
                // 如果mv有  视图没有，给你设置默认视图  5、视图解析
                applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
                //后置拦截器
                mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                dispatchException = ex;
            }
            catch (Throwable err) {
                // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
                // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
                dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
            }
            // 渲染视图
            processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
        }
        catch (Throwable err) {
            triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
                    new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
        }
        finally {
            if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
                if (mappedHandler != null) {
                    mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
                }
            }
            else {
                // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
                if (multipartRequestParsed) {
                    cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
                }
            }
        }
    }

2、获取handlerMapping映射处理器

根据url匹配配置了@PostMapping中的地址匹配，找到相应的处理器

代码如下

会遍历所有的hander 找到符合要求的

    @Nullable
    protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
            /** 拿到所有handlerMappings （容器启动阶段初始化：拿到所有实现了HandlerMapping的Bean）
             * @see DispatcherServlet#initHandlerMappings
             * 测试发现： 不同的HandlerMapping可以有相同path, 谁先解析到就用哪个
             * */
            for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
                HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
                if (handler != null) {
                    return handler;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

3、在执行拦截器前置方法

还需要执行下拦截器的前置处理方法，偏离拦截器，执行拦截器的所有方法

    /**
     * Apply preHandle methods of registered interceptors.
     * @return {@code true} if the execution chain should proceed with the
     * next interceptor or the handler itself. Else, DispatcherServlet assumes
     * that this interceptor has already dealt with the response itself.
     */
    boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        for (int i = 0; i < this.interceptorList.size(); i++) {
            HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
            if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
                triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
                return false;
            }
            this.interceptorIndex = i;
        }
        return true;
    }

4、执行相应的hanlder方法

里面会进行参数的解析等，返回数据

5、设置视图

如果没有，则设置默认的

6、执行后置拦截器

    /**
     * Apply postHandle methods of registered interceptors.
     */
    void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable ModelAndView mv)
            throws Exception {

        for (int i = this.interceptorList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
            interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
        }
    }

7、最后进行渲染视图

/**
     * Handle the result of handler selection and handler invocation, which is
     * either a ModelAndView or an Exception to be resolved to a ModelAndView.
     */

//核心位置29行代码
    private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
            @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {

        boolean errorView = false;

        // 异常视图
        if (exception != null) {
            if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
                logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
                mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
            }
            else {
                Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
                mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
                errorView = (mv != null);
            }
        }

        // Did the handler return a view to render?
        if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
            // 解析、渲染视图
            render(mv, request, response);
            if (errorView) {
                WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
            }
        }
        else {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
            }
        }

        if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
            // Concurrent handling started during a forward
            return;
        }

        if (mappedHandler != null) {
            // Exception (if any) is already handled..   拦截器：AfterCompletion
            mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
        }
    }

//核心位置37行代码
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        // Determine locale for request and apply it to the response.
        Locale locale =
                (this.localeResolver != null ? this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request) : request.getLocale());
        response.setLocale(locale);

        View view;
        String viewName = mv.getViewName();
        if (viewName != null) {
            // 解析视图名
            view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
            if (view == null) {
                throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
                        "' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
            }
        }
        else {
            // No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object.
            view = mv.getView();
            if (view == null) {
                throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
                        "View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
            }
        }

        // Delegate to the View object for rendering.
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Rendering view [" + view + "] ");
        }
        try {
            if (mv.getStatus() != null) {
                response.setStatus(mv.getStatus().value());
            }
//处理视图
            view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Error rendering view [" + view + "]", ex);
            }
            throw ex;
        }
    }

//核心位置15行代码    
@Override
    public void render(@Nullable Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("View " + formatViewName() +
                    ", model " + (model != null ? model : Collections.emptyMap()) +
                    (this.staticAttributes.isEmpty() ? "" : ", static attributes " + this.staticAttributes));
        }

        Map<String, Object> mergedModel = createMergedOutputModel(model, request, response);
        prepareResponse(request, response);
        // 这里
        renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
    }

根据不同的视图解析进行解析

比如json如何返回视图

    @Override
    protected void renderMergedOutputModel(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        ByteArrayOutputStream temporaryStream = null;
        OutputStream stream;

        if (this.updateContentLength) {
            temporaryStream = createTemporaryOutputStream();
            stream = temporaryStream;
        }
        else {
            //拿到相应的流
            stream = response.getOutputStream();
        }
        //拿到视图中的返回值
        Object value = filterAndWrapModel(model, request);
        //将返回值放到流中
        writeContent(stream, value);

        if (temporaryStream != null) {
            //写入Response
            writeToResponse(response, temporaryStream);
        }
    }