C#学习之路，学习笔记 第五章 枚举、结构体和数组

5.1 枚举

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace 枚举
{
    class Program
    {
        //5.1枚举
        //C#支持枚举类型，简单地说就是把字符串映射到数字0、1、2...上的类型

        //需要注意的是,枚举类型的定义代码要卸载主函数的外面，和主函数并列放置
        enum WeekDays { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday };
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            WeekDays today = WeekDays.Sunday;

            if ((today == WeekDays.Saturday) || (today == WeekDays.Sunday))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("I love the weekends!");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Back to work.");
            }

            //表面上7个枚举项都是字符串，实际上每个枚举项都关联了一个整数，
            //所以我们可以直接用枚举项关联的整数进行赋值，但是必须进行显式转换（强制类型转换）
            today = (WeekDays)3;
            Console.WriteLine("Today is " + today);  //运行结果Today is Wednesday

            //如果我们想输出该枚举项关联的整数，语句如下
            today = WeekDays.Sunday;
            Console.WriteLine((int)today);

            //因为每个枚举项都关联一个整数，所以枚举型变量可以参与运算和循环
            for(today = WeekDays.Sunday; today<=WeekDays.Saturday; today++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(today);
            }

            //在默认情况下枚举项的关联值一次对应0、1、2、3...。
            //必要时我们可以通过赋值的方法改变枚举项所关联的整数值
            /*
                enum WeekDays
                {
                    Sunday = 5;
                    Monday,
                    Tuesday,
                    Wednesday,
                    Thursday = 100;
                    Friday;
                    Saturday;
                }

                Console.WriteLine("   Sunday:  {0}", (int)WeekDays.Sunday);
                Console.WriteLine("   Monday:  {0}", (int)WeekDays.Monday);
                Console.WriteLine("  Tuesday:  {0}", (int)WeekDays.Tuesday);
                Console.WriteLine("Wednesday:  {0}", (int)WeekDays.Wednesday);
                Console.WriteLine(" Thursday:  {0}", (int)WeekDays.Thursday);
                Console.WriteLine("   Friday:  {0}", (int)WeekDays.Friday);
                Console.WriteLine(" Saturday:  {0}", (int)WeekDays.Saturday);
            */
            //运行结果如下
            /*
                   Sunday:  5
                   Monday:  6   
                  Tuesday:  7
                Wednesday:  8
                 Thursday:  100
                   Friday:  101
                 Saturday:  102
            */


            //在默认情况下，枚举项关联值的类型为int型，如果需要，
            //我们可以为枚举项指定更合适的数据类型。关联值可以为byte、
            //sbyte、short、ushort、int、uint、long、ulong等类型。
            /*
                enum WeekDays: short
                {
                    Sunday,
                    Monday,
                    Tuesday,
                    Wednesday,
                    Thursday,
                    Friday,
                    Saturday
                }
            */

        }
    }
}

运行结构如下：

5.2 结构体

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace 结构体
{
    //和枚举类型一样，结构体的定义代码应在主函数之外。其实所有定义类型的代码都应在主函数之外
    //定义结构体
    struct Student
    {
        public int number;
        public string name;
        public string sex;
        public string birthday;
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明变量hfy并为其成员变量赋值
            Student hfy;
            hfy.number = 2000069001;
            hfy.name = "寒飞雨";
            hfy.sex = "男";
            hfy.birthday = "1980.11.06";

            //声明变量honey并为其成员变量赋值
            Student honey;
            honey.number = 2000070040;
            honey.name = "Britney jean Spears";
            honey.sex = "女";
            honey.birthday = "1981.12.02";


            //输出honey的信息
            Console.WriteLine("学号：" + hfy.number);
            Console.WriteLine("姓名：" + hfy.name);
            Console.WriteLine("性别：" + hfy.sex);
            Console.WriteLine("生日：" + hfy.birthday);

            //输出honey的信息
            Console.WriteLine("学号：" + honey.number);
            Console.WriteLine("姓名：" + honey.name);
            Console.WriteLine("性别：" + honey.sex);
            Console.WriteLine("生日：" + honey.birthday);

        }
    }
}

运行结构如下：

5.3 数组

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace 数组
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明数组
            int[] scores = {120,149,112,133,127};
            //用for语句处理数组
            int sum = 0;
            for(int i = 0;i<scores.Length;i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(scores[i]);  //输出5科成绩
                sum = sum + scores[i];         //计算5科总分
            }
            float average = sum / (scores.Length); //计算5科平均成绩
            Console.WriteLine("总  分：{0}",sum);
            Console.WriteLine("平均值：{0}", average);


            string[] friendNames = new string[3];
            friendNames[0] = "张三";
            friendNames[1] = "李四";
            friendNames[2] = "王五";
            Console.WriteLine("我共有{0}位朋友：",friendNames.Length);
            for(int i=0; i<friendNames.Length; ++i)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(friendNames[i]);
            }


            //forreach循环语句
            string[] friends = {"张三","李四","王五"};
            Console.WriteLine("我共有{0}位朋友：", friends.Length);
            foreach (string mingzi in friends)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(mingzi);
            }


            //二位数组
            //声明二维数组
            int[,] Matrix = { {1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9} };
            //双重for语句遍历
            for(int i = 0; i<3; ++i)
            {
                for(int j = 0; j<3; ++j)
                {
                    Console.Write(Matrix[i,j] + " ");
                    sum += Matrix[i,j];
                }
                Console.WriteLine("\n");  //每输出三个数字换行
            }


            //不等长二维数组
            int[][] jaggedArray = new int[2][];
            jaggedArray[0] = new int[3] { 1, 2, 3 };
            jaggedArray[1] = new int[4] { 1, 2, 3 ,4};

        }
    }
}

运行结果如下：