教程视频:《PyTorch深度学习实践》02.线性模型_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
参考文章:(135条消息) PyTorch学习(一)--线性模型_陈同学爱吃方便面的博客-CSDN博客
目录
线性模型
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数据集(DataSet):包括Training Set和Test Set 监督学习
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模型(Model)
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训练(Training)
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应用(Inferring)
数据集
问题
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过拟合:指模型在训练集上表现很好,将噪声数据也一起学习了。到了验证和测试阶段就很差,即模型的泛化能力很差。
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欠拟合:是指模型在训练集、验证集和测试集上均表现不佳的情况;
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泛化:是指在训练集上的经验性能是否会在未知数据集上表现出差不多的性能。
面对数据集常用的策略
将训练集分成两部分:训练集和开发集
数据集划分:训练集 开发集 测试集
模型设计
评估模型
loss函数
MSE:平均平方误差
案例构造模型y=w*x
1.导入对应的库
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
2.设置训练集
x_data = [1.0,2.0,3.0]
y_data = [2.0,4.0,6.0]
3.定义学习模型
def forward(x):
return x * w
4.定义损失函数
def loss(x, y):
y_pred = forward(x)
return (y_pred - y) * (y_pred - y)
5.模型训练
# 将权重和权重的损失值记录到列表内
w_list = []
mse_list = []
#穷举法
for w in np.arange(0.0,4.1,0.1):
print('w=', w)
l_sum=0
for x_val,y_val in zip(x_data, y_data):
y_pred_val = forward(x_val) #计算预测
loss_val=loss(x_val, y_val) #计算损失
l_sum += loss_val #求和
print('\t', x_val, y_val, y_pred_val, loss_val)
print('MSE=',l_sum/3) #除样本总数转换成mse
w_list.append(w)
mse_list.append(l_sum/3)
打印结果
w= 0.0
1.0 2.0 0.0 4.0
2.0 4.0 0.0 16.0
3.0 6.0 0.0 36.0
MSE= 18.666666666666668
w= 0.1
1.0 2.0 0.1 3.61
2.0 4.0 0.2 14.44
3.0 6.0 0.30000000000000004 32.49
MSE= 16.846666666666668
w= 0.2
1.0 2.0 0.2 3.24
2.0 4.0 0.4 12.96
3.0 6.0 0.6000000000000001 29.160000000000004
MSE= 15.120000000000003
w= 0.30000000000000004
1.0 2.0 0.30000000000000004 2.8899999999999997
2.0 4.0 0.6000000000000001 11.559999999999999
3.0 6.0 0.9000000000000001 26.009999999999998
MSE= 13.486666666666665
w= 0.4
1.0 2.0 0.4 2.5600000000000005
2.0 4.0 0.8 10.240000000000002
3.0 6.0 1.2000000000000002 23.04
MSE= 11.946666666666667
w= 0.5
1.0 2.0 0.5 2.25
2.0 4.0 1.0 9.0
3.0 6.0 1.5 20.25
MSE= 10.5
w= 0.6000000000000001
1.0 2.0 0.6000000000000001 1.9599999999999997
2.0 4.0 1.2000000000000002 7.839999999999999
3.0 6.0 1.8000000000000003 17.639999999999993
MSE= 9.146666666666663
w= 0.7000000000000001
1.0 2.0 0.7000000000000001 1.6899999999999995
2.0 4.0 1.4000000000000001 6.759999999999998
3.0 6.0 2.1 15.209999999999999
MSE= 7.886666666666666
w= 0.8
1.0 2.0 0.8 1.44
2.0 4.0 1.6 5.76
3.0 6.0 2.4000000000000004 12.959999999999997
MSE= 6.719999999999999
w= 0.9
1.0 2.0 0.9 1.2100000000000002
2.0 4.0 1.8 4.840000000000001
3.0 6.0 2.7 10.889999999999999
MSE= 5.646666666666666
w= 1.0
1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0
2.0 4.0 2.0 4.0
3.0 6.0 3.0 9.0
MSE= 4.666666666666667
w= 1.1
1.0 2.0 1.1 0.8099999999999998
2.0 4.0 2.2 3.2399999999999993
3.0 6.0 3.3000000000000003 7.289999999999998
MSE= 3.779999999999999
w= 1.2000000000000002
1.0 2.0 1.2000000000000002 0.6399999999999997
2.0 4.0 2.4000000000000004 2.5599999999999987
3.0 6.0 3.6000000000000005 5.759999999999997
MSE= 2.986666666666665
w= 1.3
1.0 2.0 1.3 0.48999999999999994
2.0 4.0 2.6 1.9599999999999997
3.0 6.0 3.9000000000000004 4.409999999999998
MSE= 2.2866666666666657
w= 1.4000000000000001
1.0 2.0 1.4000000000000001 0.3599999999999998
2.0 4.0 2.8000000000000003 1.4399999999999993
3.0 6.0 4.2 3.2399999999999993
MSE= 1.6799999999999995
w= 1.5
1.0 2.0 1.5 0.25
2.0 4.0 3.0 1.0
3.0 6.0 4.5 2.25
MSE= 1.1666666666666667
w= 1.6
1.0 2.0 1.6 0.15999999999999992
2.0 4.0 3.2 0.6399999999999997
3.0 6.0 4.800000000000001 1.4399999999999984
MSE= 0.746666666666666
w= 1.7000000000000002
1.0 2.0 1.7000000000000002 0.0899999999999999
2.0 4.0 3.4000000000000004 0.3599999999999996
3.0 6.0 5.1000000000000005 0.809999999999999
MSE= 0.4199999999999995
w= 1.8
1.0 2.0 1.8 0.03999999999999998
2.0 4.0 3.6 0.15999999999999992
3.0 6.0 5.4 0.3599999999999996
MSE= 0.1866666666666665
w= 1.9000000000000001
1.0 2.0 1.9000000000000001 0.009999999999999974
2.0 4.0 3.8000000000000003 0.0399999999999999
3.0 6.0 5.7 0.0899999999999999
MSE= 0.046666666666666586
w= 2.0
1.0 2.0 2.0 0.0
2.0 4.0 4.0 0.0
3.0 6.0 6.0 0.0
MSE= 0.0
w= 2.1
1.0 2.0 2.1 0.010000000000000018
2.0 4.0 4.2 0.04000000000000007
3.0 6.0 6.300000000000001 0.09000000000000043
MSE= 0.046666666666666835
w= 2.2
1.0 2.0 2.2 0.04000000000000007
2.0 4.0 4.4 0.16000000000000028
3.0 6.0 6.6000000000000005 0.36000000000000065
MSE= 0.18666666666666698
w= 2.3000000000000003
1.0 2.0 2.3000000000000003 0.09000000000000016
2.0 4.0 4.6000000000000005 0.36000000000000065
3.0 6.0 6.9 0.8100000000000006
MSE= 0.42000000000000054
w= 2.4000000000000004
1.0 2.0 2.4000000000000004 0.16000000000000028
2.0 4.0 4.800000000000001 0.6400000000000011
3.0 6.0 7.200000000000001 1.4400000000000026
MSE= 0.7466666666666679
w= 2.5
1.0 2.0 2.5 0.25
2.0 4.0 5.0 1.0
3.0 6.0 7.5 2.25
MSE= 1.1666666666666667
w= 2.6
1.0 2.0 2.6 0.3600000000000001
2.0 4.0 5.2 1.4400000000000004
3.0 6.0 7.800000000000001 3.2400000000000024
MSE= 1.6800000000000008
w= 2.7
1.0 2.0 2.7 0.49000000000000027
2.0 4.0 5.4 1.960000000000001
3.0 6.0 8.100000000000001 4.410000000000006
MSE= 2.2866666666666693
w= 2.8000000000000003
1.0 2.0 2.8000000000000003 0.6400000000000005
2.0 4.0 5.6000000000000005 2.560000000000002
3.0 6.0 8.4 5.760000000000002
MSE= 2.986666666666668
w= 2.9000000000000004
1.0 2.0 2.9000000000000004 0.8100000000000006
2.0 4.0 5.800000000000001 3.2400000000000024
3.0 6.0 8.700000000000001 7.290000000000005
MSE= 3.780000000000003
w= 3.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 1.0
2.0 4.0 6.0 4.0
3.0 6.0 9.0 9.0
MSE= 4.666666666666667
w= 3.1
1.0 2.0 3.1 1.2100000000000002
2.0 4.0 6.2 4.840000000000001
3.0 6.0 9.3 10.890000000000004
MSE= 5.646666666666668
w= 3.2
1.0 2.0 3.2 1.4400000000000004
2.0 4.0 6.4 5.760000000000002
3.0 6.0 9.600000000000001 12.96000000000001
MSE= 6.720000000000003
w= 3.3000000000000003
1.0 2.0 3.3000000000000003 1.6900000000000006
2.0 4.0 6.6000000000000005 6.7600000000000025
3.0 6.0 9.9 15.210000000000003
MSE= 7.886666666666668
w= 3.4000000000000004
1.0 2.0 3.4000000000000004 1.960000000000001
2.0 4.0 6.800000000000001 7.840000000000004
3.0 6.0 10.200000000000001 17.640000000000008
MSE= 9.14666666666667
w= 3.5
1.0 2.0 3.5 2.25
2.0 4.0 7.0 9.0
3.0 6.0 10.5 20.25
MSE= 10.5
w= 3.6
1.0 2.0 3.6 2.5600000000000005
2.0 4.0 7.2 10.240000000000002
3.0 6.0 10.8 23.040000000000006
MSE= 11.94666666666667
w= 3.7
1.0 2.0 3.7 2.8900000000000006
2.0 4.0 7.4 11.560000000000002
3.0 6.0 11.100000000000001 26.010000000000016
MSE= 13.486666666666673
w= 3.8000000000000003
1.0 2.0 3.8000000000000003 3.240000000000001
2.0 4.0 7.6000000000000005 12.960000000000004
3.0 6.0 11.4 29.160000000000004
MSE= 15.120000000000005
w= 3.9000000000000004
1.0 2.0 3.9000000000000004 3.610000000000001
2.0 4.0 7.800000000000001 14.440000000000005
3.0 6.0 11.700000000000001 32.49000000000001
MSE= 16.84666666666667
w= 4.0
1.0 2.0 4.0 4.0
2.0 4.0 8.0 16.0
3.0 6.0 12.0 36.0
MSE= 18.666666666666668
6.可视化
plt.plot(w_list, mse_list)
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.xlabel('w')
plt.show()
完整代码
#案例构造模型y=w*x
#1.导入对应的库
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#2.设置训练集
x_data = [1.0,2.0,3.0]
y_data = [2.0,4.0,6.0]
#3.定义学习模型
def forward(x):
return x * w
#4.定义损失函数
def loss(x, y):
y_pred = forward(x)
return (y_pred - y) * (y_pred - y)
#5.模型训练
# 将权重和权重的损失值记录到列表内
w_list = []
mse_list = []
#穷举法
for w in np.arange(0.0,4.1,0.1):
print('w=', w)
l_sum=0
for x_val,y_val in zip(x_data, y_data):
y_pred_val = forward(x_val) #计算预测
loss_val=loss(x_val, y_val) #计算损失
l_sum += loss_val #求和
print('\t', x_val, y_val, y_pred_val, loss_val)
print('MSE=',l_sum/3) #除样本总数转换成mse
w_list.append(w)
mse_list.append(l_sum/3)
#6.可视化
plt.plot(w_list, mse_list)
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.xlabel('w')
plt.show()
课后作业 构造模型:y=w*x+b
### 1.导入对应的库
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
### 2.设置训练集
x_data = [1.0,2.0,3.0]
y_data = [5.0,8.0,11.0]
### 3.定义模型
def forward(x):
return x * w + b
### 4.定义损失函数
def loss(x,y):
y_pred = forward(x)
return (y_pred- y)*(y_pred- y)
### 5.模型训练
mse_list = []
W = np.arange(0.0, 4.1, 0.1)
B = np.arange(0.0, 4.1, 0.1)
[w,b] = np.meshgrid(W,B)
l_sum = 0
for x_val, y_val in zip(x_data, y_data):
y_pred_val = forward(x_val)
print(y_pred_val)
loss_val = loss(x_val, y_val)
l_sum += loss_val
### 6.画图
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.plot_surface(w, b, l_sum/3)
plt.show()