Linux下创建静态、动态库

Linux下创建静态、动态库

源码

   1: -----------a.cpp---------------

   2: #include 
   
   

   3: int a(int i)

   4: {

   5:         std::printf("in a(int a) %d/n", i);

   6:         return 0;

   7: }

   8: -----------b.cpp----------------

   9: #include 
   
   

  10: int b(char *s)

  11: {

  12:         std::cout<<"in int b(char *s): "<<
    
    

  13:         return 0;

  14: }

  15: ----------main.cpp--------------

  16: #include 
    
    

  17: using namespace std;

  18: int a(int i);

  19: int b(char *s);

  20: int main()

  21: {

  22:         a(5);

  23:         b("ok");

  24:         printf("in main/n");

  25:         return 0;

  26: }

静态库
1、编译生成a.o b.o 文件
# g++ -c a.cpp b.cpp
2、生成archive 文件libtest.a  c-创建  r-将文件加入libtest.a
#ar rc libtest.a a.o b.o
3、指定静态库libtest.a 进行编译
# g++ -o main main.cpp libtest.a
运行结果
# ./a.out
in a(int a) 5
in int b(char *s): ok
in main
对于libtest.a直接将里面的代码拷贝出来相当于静态编译
动态库
1、编译生成a.o b.o文件   -fPIC生成.o文件时用相对地址实现代码位置无关
# g++ -fPIC a.cpp b.cpp
2、生成动态库libtest.so
# g++ -shared -o libtest.so a.o b.o
3、指定动态库libtest.so进行编译
# g++ main.cpp  ./libtest.so
查看动态连接库
# ldd a.out
        ./libtest.so => ./libtest.so (0x40014000)
        libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 => /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 (0x4002e000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/libm.so.6 (0x40071000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/libc.so.6 (0x42000000)
        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
其他
1、动态连接库3时如果
# g++ main.cpp libtest.so
编译可通过但运行出错在默认库路径下找不到libtest.so库
# ./a.out
./a.out: error while loading shared libraries: libtest.so: cannot open shared object file: No such
file or directory
查看连接库
# ldd a.out
        libtest.so => not found
        libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 => /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 (0x4002c000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/libm.so.6 (0x4006f000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/libc.so.6 (0x42000000)
        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
2、方便使用可以将静态库libtest.a或者动态库 libtest.so拷贝到默认库的查找路径里/lib或者/usr/lib里
编译时直接
#g++ main.cpp -ltest
-l 自动进行库名称扩展
# ldd a.out
        libtest.so => /usr/lib/libtest.so (0x4002b000)
        libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 => /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 (0x4002e000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/libm.so.6 (0x40071000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/libc.so.6 (0x42000000)
        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
静态情况
# g++ main.cpp -ltest
# ldd a.out
        libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 => /usr/lib/libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 (0x4002b000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/libm.so.6 (0x4006f000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/libc.so.6 (0x42000000)
        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
3、静态库中2生成archive后可能需要 ranlib libtest.a 将内容的索引写入libtest.a中供ld连接时使用
4、-l选项要放在所编译文件的后面，
在前面会出错
# g++ -ltest main.cpp
/tmp/ccbQK3kY.o: In function `main'''':
/tmp/ccbQK3kY.o(.text+0xc): undefined reference to `a(int)''''
/tmp/ccbQK3kY.o(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `b(char *)''''
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status