本章以京东商品详情页为例,京东商品详情页虽然仅是单个页面,但是其数据聚合源是非常多的,除了一些实时性要求比较高的如价格、库存、服务支持等通过AJAX异步加载加载之外,其他的数据都是在后端做数据聚合然后拼装网页模板的。
http://item.jd.com/1217499.html
如图所示,商品页主要包括商品基本信息(基本信息、图片列表、颜色/尺码关系、扩展属性、规格参数、包装清单、售后保障等)、商品介绍、其他信息(分类、品牌、店铺【第三方卖家】、店内分类【第三方卖家】、同类相关品牌)。更多细节此处就不阐述了。
整个京东有数亿商品,如果每次动态获取如上内容进行模板拼装,数据来源之多足以造成性能无法满足要求;最初的解决方案是生成静态页,但是静态页的最大的问题:1、无法迅速响应页面需求变更;2、很难做多版本线上对比测试。如上两个因素足以制约商品页的多样化发展,因此静态化技术不是很好的方案。
通过分析,数据主要分为四种:商品页基本信息、商品介绍(异步加载)、其他信息(分类、品牌、店铺等)、其他需要实时展示的数据(价格、库存等)。而其他信息如分类、品牌、店铺是非常少的,完全可以放到一个占用内存很小的Redis中存储;而商品基本信息我们可以借鉴静态化技术将数据做聚合存储,这样的好处是数据是原子的,而模板是随时可变的,吸收了静态页聚合的优点,弥补了静态页的多版本缺点;另外一个非常严重的问题就是严重依赖这些相关系统,如果它们挂了或响应慢则商品页就挂了或响应慢;商品介绍我们也通过AJAX技术惰性加载(因为是第二屏,只有当用户滚动鼠标到该屏时才显示);而实时展示数据通过AJAX技术做异步加载;因此我们可以做如下设计:
1、接收商品变更消息,做商品基本信息的聚合,即从多个数据源获取商品相关信息如图片列表、颜色尺码、规格参数、扩展属性等等,聚合为一个大的JSON数据做成数据闭环,以key-value存储;因为是闭环,即使依赖的系统挂了我们商品页还是能继续服务的,对商品页不会造成任何影响;
2、接收商品介绍变更消息,存储商品介绍信息;
3、介绍其他信息变更消息,存储其他信息。
整个架构如下图所示:
技术选型
MQ可以使用如Apache ActiveMQ;
Worker/动态服务可以通过如Java技术实现;
RPC可以选择如alibaba Dubbo;
KV持久化存储可以选择SSDB(如果使用SSD盘则可以选择SSDB+RocksDB引擎)或者ARDB(LMDB引擎版);
缓存使用Redis;
SSDB/Redis分片使用如Twemproxy,这样不管使用Java还是Nginx+Lua,它们都不关心分片逻辑;
前端模板拼装使用Nginx+Lua;
数据集群数据存储的机器可以采用RAID技术或者主从模式防止单点故障;
因为数据变更不频繁,可以考虑SSD替代机械硬盘。
核心流程
1、首先我们监听商品数据变更消息;
2、接收到消息后,数据聚合Worker通过RPC调用相关系统获取所有要展示的数据,此处获取数据的来源可能非常多而且响应速度完全受制于这些系统,可能耗时几百毫秒甚至上秒的时间;
3、将数据聚合为JSON串存储到相关数据集群;
4、前端Nginx通过Lua获取相关集群的数据进行展示;商品页需要获取基本信息+其他信息进行模板拼装,即拼装模板仅需要两次调用(另外因为其他信息数据量少且对一致性要求不高,因此我们完全可以缓存到Nginx本地全局内存,这样可以减少远程调用提高性能);当页面滚动到商品介绍页面时异步调用商品介绍服务获取数据;
5、如果从聚合的SSDB集群/Redis中获取不到相关数据;则回源到动态服务通过RPC调用相关系统获取所有要展示的数据返回(此处可以做限流处理,因为如果大量请求过来的话可能导致服务雪崩,需要采取保护措施),此处的逻辑和数据聚合Worker完全一样;然后发送MQ通知数据变更,这样下次访问时就可以从聚合的SSDB集群/Redis中获取数据了。
基本流程如上所述,主要分为Worker、动态服务、数据存储和前端展示;因为系统非常复杂,只介绍动态服务和前端展示、数据存储架构;Worker部分不做实现。
项目搭建
项目部署目录结构。
/usr/chapter7
ssdb_basic_7770.conf
ssdb_basic_7771.conf
ssdb_basic_7772.conf
ssdb_basic_7773.conf
ssdb_desc_8880.conf
ssdb_desc_8881.conf
ssdb_desc_8882.conf
ssdb_desc_8883.conf
redis_other_6660.conf
redis_other_6661.conf
nginx_chapter7.conf
nutcracker.yml
nutcracker.init
item.html
header.html
footer.html
item.lua
desc.lua
lualib
item.lua
item
common.lua
webapp
WEB-INF
lib
classes
web.xml
数据存储实现
整体架构为主从模式,写数据到主集群,读数据从从集群读取数据,这样当一个集群不足以支撑流量时可以使用更多的集群来支撑更多的访问量;集群分片使用Twemproxy实现。
商品基本信息SSDB集群配置
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7770.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_7770
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb_7770.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 7770
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_7770.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7771.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_7771
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb_7771.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 7771
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_7771.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7772.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_7772
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb_7772.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 7772
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- type: sync
- ip: 127.0.0.1
- port: 7770
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_7772.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7773.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_7773
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb_7773.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 7773
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- type: sync
- ip: 127.0.0.1
- port: 7771
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_7773.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
配置文件使用Tab而不是空格做缩排,(复制到配置文件后请把空格替换为Tab)。主从关系:7770(主)-->7772(从),7771(主)--->7773(从);配置文件如何配置请参考https://github.com/ideawu/ssdb-docs/blob/master/src/zh_cn/config.md。
创建工作目录
- mkdir -p /usr/data/ssdb_7770
- mkdir -p /usr/data/ssdb_7771
- mkdir -p /usr/data/ssdb_7772
- mkdir -p /usr/data/ssdb_7773
启动
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7770.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7771.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7772.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_basic_7773.conf &
通过ps -aux | grep ssdb命令看是否启动了,tail -f nohup.out查看错误信息。
商品介绍SSDB集群配置
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8880.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_8880
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb8880.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 8880
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_8880.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8881.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_8881
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb8881.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 8881
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_8881.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8882.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_8882
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb_8882.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 8882
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- type: sync
- ip: 127.0.0.1
- port: 8880
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_8882.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
vim /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8883.conf
- work_dir = /usr/data/ssdb_8883
- pidfile = /usr/data/ssdb_8883.pid
- server:
- ip: 0.0.0.0
- port: 8883
- allow: 127.0.0.1
- allow: 192.168
- replication:
- binlog: yes
- sync_speed: -1
- slaveof:
- type: sync
- ip: 127.0.0.1
- port: 8881
- logger:
- level: error
- output: /usr/data/ssdb_8883.log
- rotate:
- size: 1000000000
- leveldb:
- cache_size: 500
- block_size: 32
- write_buffer_size: 64
- compaction_speed: 1000
- compression: yes
配置文件使用Tab而不是空格做缩排(复制到配置文件后请把空格替换为Tab)。主从关系:7770(主)-->7772(从),7771(主)--->7773(从);配置文件如何配置请参考https://github.com/ideawu/ssdb-docs/blob/master/src/zh_cn/config.md。
创建工作目录
启动
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8880.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8881.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8882.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/ssdb-1.8.0/ssdb-server /usr/chapter7/ssdb_desc_8883.conf &
通过ps -aux | grep ssdb命令看是否启动了,tail -f nohup.out查看错误信息。
其他信息Redis配置
vim /usr/chapter7/redis_6660.conf
- port 6660
- pidfile "/var/run/redis_6660.pid"
- #设置内存大小,根据实际情况设置,此处测试仅设置20mb
- maxmemory 20mb
- #内存不足时,所有KEY按照LRU算法删除
- maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
- #Redis的过期算法不是精确的而是通过采样来算的,默认采样为3个,此处我们改成10
- maxmemory-samples 10
- #不进行RDB持久化
- save “”
- #不进行AOF持久化
- appendonly no
vim /usr/chapter7/redis_6661.conf
vim /usr/chapter7/redis_6662.conf
启动
- nohup /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-server /usr/chapter7/redis_6660.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-server /usr/chapter7/redis_6661.conf &
- nohup /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-server /usr/chapter7/redis_6662.conf &
通过ps -aux | grep redis命令看是否启动了,tail -f nohup.out查看错误信息。
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 7770
- 127.0.0.1:7770> set i 1
- OK
- 127.0.0.1:7770>
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 7772
- 127.0.0.1:7772> get i
- "1"
- basic_master:
- listen: 127.0.0.1:1111
- hash: fnv1a_64
- distribution: ketama
- redis: true
- timeout: 1000
- hash_tag: "::"
- servers:
- - 127.0.0.1:7770:1 server1
- - 127.0.0.1:7771:1 server2
- basic_slave:
- listen: 127.0.0.1:1112
- hash: fnv1a_64
- distribution: ketama
- redis: true
- timeout: 1000
- hash_tag: "::"
- servers:
- - 127.0.0.1:7772:1 server1
- - 127.0.0.1:7773:1 server2
- desc_master:
- listen: 127.0.0.1:1113
- hash: fnv1a_64
- distribution: ketama
- redis: true
- timeout: 1000
- hash_tag: "::"
- servers:
- - 127.0.0.1:8880:1 server1
- - 127.0.0.1:8881:1 server2
- desc_slave:
- listen: 127.0.0.1:1114
- hash: fnv1a_64
- distribution: ketama
- redis: true
- timeout: 1000
- servers:
- - 127.0.0.1:8882:1 server1
- - 127.0.0.1:8883:1 server2
- other_master:
- listen: 127.0.0.1:1115
- hash: fnv1a_64
- distribution: random
- redis: true
- timeout: 1000
- hash_tag: "::"
- servers:
- - 127.0.0.1:6660:1 server1
- other_slave:
- listen: 127.0.0.1:1116
- hash: fnv1a_64
- distribution: random
- redis: true
- timeout: 1000
- hash_tag: "::"
- servers:
- - 127.0.0.1:6661:1 server1
- - 127.0.0.1:6662:1 server2
1、因为我们使用了主从,所以需要给server起一个名字如server1、server2;否则分片算法默认根据ip:port:weight,这样就会主从数据的分片算法不一致;
2、其他信息Redis因为每个Redis是对等的,因此分片算法可以使用random;
3、我们使用了hash_tag,可以保证相同的tag在一个分片上(本例配置了但没有用到该特性)。
复制第六章的nutcracker.init,帮把配置文件改为usr/chapter7/nutcracker.yml。然后通过/usr/chapter7/nutcracker.init start启动Twemproxy。
测试主从集群是否工作正常:
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 1111
- 127.0.0.1:1111> set i 1
- OK
- 127.0.0.1:1111>
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 1112
- 127.0.0.1:1112> get i
- "1"
- 127.0.0.1:1112>
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 1113
- 127.0.0.1:1113> set i 1
- OK
- 127.0.0.1:1113>
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 1114
- 127.0.0.1:1114> get i
- "1"
- 127.0.0.1:1114>
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 1115
- 127.0.0.1:1115> set i 1
- OK
- 127.0.0.1:1115>
- root@kaitao:/usr/chapter7# /usr/servers/redis-2.8.19/src/redis-cli -p 1116
- 127.0.0.1:1116> get i
- "1"
到此数据集群配置成功。
动态服务实现
因为真实数据是从多个子系统获取,很难模拟这么多子系统交互,所以此处我们使用假数据来进行实现。
项目搭建
我们使用Maven搭建Web项目,Maven知识请自行学习。
项目依赖
本文将最小化依赖,即仅依赖我们需要的servlet、jackson、guava、jedis。
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
- <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
- <version>3.0.1</version>
- <scope>provided</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
- <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
- <version>17.0</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
- <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
- <version>2.5.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.3</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.3</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
guava是类似于apache commons的一个基础类库,用于简化一些重复操作,可以参考http://ifeve.com/google-guava/。
核心代码
com.github.zhangkaitao.chapter7.servlet.ProductServiceServlet
- @Override
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
- String type = req.getParameter("type");
- String content = null;
- try {
- if("basic".equals(type)) {
- content = getBasicInfo(req.getParameter("skuId"));
- } else if("desc".equals(type)) {
- content = getDescInfo(req.getParameter("skuId"));
- } else if("other".equals(type)) {
- content = getOtherInfo(req.getParameter("ps3Id"), req.getParameter("brandId"));
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
- return;
- }
- if(content != null) {
- resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- resp.getWriter().write(content);
- } else {
- resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
- }
- }
根据请求参数type来决定调用哪个服务获取数据。
基本信息服务
- private String getBasicInfo(String skuId) throws Exception {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- //商品编号
- map.put("skuId", skuId);
- //名称
- map.put("name", "苹果(Apple)iPhone 6 (A1586) 16GB 金色 移动联通电信4G手机");
- //一级二级三级分类
- map.put("ps1Id", 9987);
- map.put("ps2Id", 653);
- map.put("ps3Id", 655);
- //品牌ID
- map.put("brandId", 14026);
- //图片列表
- map.put("imgs", getImgs(skuId));
- //上架时间
- map.put("date", "2014-10-09 22:29:09");
- //商品毛重
- map.put("weight", "400");
- //颜色尺码
- map.put("colorSize", getColorSize(skuId));
- //扩展属性
- map.put("expands", getExpands(skuId));
- //规格参数
- map.put("propCodes", getPropCodes(skuId));
- map.put("date", System.currentTimeMillis());
- String content = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);
- //实际应用应该是发送MQ
- asyncSetToRedis(basicInfoJedisPool, "p:" + skuId + ":", content);
- return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);
- }
- private List<String> getImgs(String skuId) {
- return Lists.newArrayList(
- "jfs/t277/193/1005339798/768456/29136988/542d0798N19d42ce3.jpg",
- "jfs/t352/148/1022071312/209475/53b8cd7f/542d079bN3ea45c98.jpg",
- "jfs/t274/315/1008507116/108039/f70cb380/542d0799Na03319e6.jpg",
- "jfs/t337/181/1064215916/27801/b5026705/542d079aNf184ce18.jpg"
- );
- }
- private List<Map<String, Object>> getColorSize(String skuId) {
- return Lists.newArrayList(
- makeColorSize(1217499, "金色", "公开版(16GB ROM)"),
- makeColorSize(1217500, "深空灰", "公开版(16GB ROM)"),
- makeColorSize(1217501, "银色", "公开版(16GB ROM)"),
- makeColorSize(1217508, "金色", "公开版(64GB ROM)"),
- makeColorSize(1217509, "深空灰", "公开版(64GB ROM)"),
- makeColorSize(1217509, "银色", "公开版(64GB ROM)"),
- makeColorSize(1217493, "金色", "移动4G版 (16GB)"),
- makeColorSize(1217494, "深空灰", "移动4G版 (16GB)"),
- makeColorSize(1217495, "银色", "移动4G版 (16GB)"),
- makeColorSize(1217503, "金色", "移动4G版 (64GB)"),
- makeColorSize(1217503, "金色", "移动4G版 (64GB)"),
- makeColorSize(1217504, "深空灰", "移动4G版 (64GB)"),
- makeColorSize(1217505, "银色", "移动4G版 (64GB)")
- );
- }
- private Map<String, Object> makeColorSize(long skuId, String color, String size) {
- Map<String, Object> cs1 = Maps.newHashMap();
- cs1.put("SkuId", skuId);
- cs1.put("Color", color);
- cs1.put("Size", size);
- return cs1;
- }
- private List<List<?>> getExpands(String skuId) {
- return Lists.newArrayList(
- (List<?>)Lists.newArrayList("热点", Lists.newArrayList("超薄7mm以下", "支持NFC")),
- (List<?>)Lists.newArrayList("系统", "苹果(IOS)"),
- (List<?>)Lists.newArrayList("系统", "苹果(IOS)"),
- (List<?>)Lists.newArrayList("购买方式", "非合约机")
- );
- }
- private Map<String, List<List<String>>> getPropCodes(String skuId) {
- Map<String, List<List<String>>> map = Maps.newHashMap();
- map.put("主体", Lists.<List<String>>newArrayList(
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("品牌", "苹果(Apple)"),
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("型号", "iPhone 6 A1586"),
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("颜色", "金色"),
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("上市年份", "2014年")
- ));
- map.put("存储", Lists.<List<String>>newArrayList(
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("机身内存", "16GB ROM"),
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("储存卡类型", "不支持")
- ));
- map.put("显示", Lists.<List<String>>newArrayList(
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("屏幕尺寸", "4.7英寸"),
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("触摸屏", "Retina HD"),
- Lists.<String>newArrayList("分辨率", "1334 x 750")
- ));
- return map;
- }
本例基本信息提供了如商品名称、图片列表、颜色尺码、扩展属性、规格参数等等数据;而为了简化逻辑大多数数据都是List/Map数据结构。
商品介绍服务
- private String getDescInfo(String skuId) throws Exception {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.put("content", "<div><img data-lazyload='http://img30.360buyimg.com/jgsq-productsoa/jfs/t448/127/574781110/103911/b3c80634/5472ba22N45400f4e.jpg' alt='' /><img data-lazyload='http://img30.360buyimg.com/jgsq-productsoa/jfs/t802/133/19465528/162152/e463e43/54e2b34aN11bceb70.jpg' alt='' height='386' width='750' /></div>");
- map.put("date", System.currentTimeMillis());
- String content = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);
- //实际应用应该是发送MQ
- asyncSetToRedis(descInfoJedisPool, "d:" + skuId + ":", content);
- return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);
- }
其他信息服务
- private String getOtherInfo(String ps3Id, String brandId) throws Exception {
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- //面包屑
- List<List<?>> breadcrumb = Lists.newArrayList();
- breadcrumb.add(Lists.newArrayList(9987, "手机"));
- breadcrumb.add(Lists.newArrayList(653, "手机通讯"));
- breadcrumb.add(Lists.newArrayList(655, "手机"));
- //品牌
- Map<String, Object> brand = Maps.newHashMap();
- brand.put("name", "苹果(Apple)");
- brand.put("logo", "BrandLogo/g14/M09/09/10/rBEhVlK6vdkIAAAAAAAFLXzp-lIAAHWawP_QjwAAAVF472.png");
- map.put("breadcrumb", breadcrumb);
- map.put("brand", brand);
- //实际应用应该是发送MQ
- asyncSetToRedis(otherInfoJedisPool, "s:" + ps3Id + ":", objectMapper.writeValueAsString(breadcrumb));
- asyncSetToRedis(otherInfoJedisPool, "b:" + brandId + ":", objectMapper.writeValueAsString(brand));
- return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map);
- }
本例中其他信息只使用了面包屑和品牌数据。
辅助工具
- private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
- private JedisPool basicInfoJedisPool = createJedisPool("127.0.0.1", 1111);
- private JedisPool descInfoJedisPool = createJedisPool("127.0.0.1", 1113);
- private JedisPool otherInfoJedisPool = createJedisPool("127.0.0.1", 1115);
- private JedisPool createJedisPool(String host, int port) {
- GenericObjectPoolConfig poolConfig = new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
- poolConfig.setMaxTotal(100);
- return new JedisPool(poolConfig, host, port);
- }
- private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
- private void asyncSetToRedis(final JedisPool jedisPool, final String key, final String content) {
- executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Jedis jedis = null;
- try {
- jedis = jedisPool.getResource();
- jedis.set(key, content);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- jedisPool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);
- } finally {
- jedisPool.returnResource(jedis);
- }
- }
- });
- }
本例使用Jackson进行JSON的序列化;Jedis进行Redis的操作;使用线程池做异步更新(实际应用中可以使用MQ做实现)。
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>productServiceServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>com.github.zhangkaitao.chapter7.servlet.ProductServiceServlet</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>productServiceServlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/info</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
打WAR包
此处使用maven命令打包,比如本例将得到chapter7.war,然后将其上传到服务器的/usr/chapter7/webapp,然后通过unzip chapter6.war解压。
配置Tomcat
复制第六章使用的tomcat实例:
- cd /usr/servers/
- cp -r tomcat-server1 tomcat-chapter7/
- vim /usr/servers/tomcat-chapter7/conf/Catalina/localhost/ROOT.xml
- <!-- 访问路径是根,web应用所属目录为/usr/chapter7/webapp -->
- <Context path="" docBase="/usr/chapter7/webapp"></Context>
指向第七章的web应用路径。
测试
启动tomcat实例。
访问如下URL进行测试。
- http://192.168.1.2:8080/info?type=basic&skuId=1
- http://192.168.1.2:8080/info?type=desc&skuId=1
- http://192.168.1.2:8080/info?type=other&ps3Id=1&brandId=1
nginx配置
vim /usr/chapter7/nginx_chapter7.conf
- upstream backend {
- server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=5 fail_timeout=10s weight=1;
- check interval=3000 rise=1 fall=2 timeout=5000 type=tcp default_down=false;
- keepalive 100;
- }
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name item2015.jd.com item.jd.com d.3.cn;
- location ~ /backend/(.*) {
- #internal;
- keepalive_timeout 30s;
- keepalive_requests 1000;
- #支持keep-alive
- proxy_http_version 1.1;
- proxy_set_header Connection "";
- rewrite /backend(/.*) $1 break;
- proxy_pass_request_headers off;
- #more_clear_input_headers Accept-Encoding;
- proxy_next_upstream error timeout;
- proxy_pass http://backend;
- }
- }
此处server_name 我们指定了item.jd.com(商品详情页)和d.3.cn(商品介绍)。其他配置可以参考第六章内容。另外实际生产环境要把#internal打开,表示只有本nginx能访问。
vim /usr/servers/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
- include /usr/chapter7/nginx_chapter7.conf;
- #为了方便测试,注释掉example.conf
- include /usr/chapter6/nginx_chapter6.conf;
- #lua模块路径,其中”;;”表示默认搜索路径,默认到/usr/servers/nginx下找
- lua_package_path "/usr/chapter7/lualib/?.lua;;"; #lua 模块
- lua_package_cpath "/usr/chapter7/lualib/?.so;;"; #c模块
lua模块从/usr/chapter7目录加载,因为我们要写自己的模块使用。
重启nginx
/usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
绑定hosts
192.168.1.2 item.jd.com
192.168.1.2 item2015.jd.com
192.168.1.2 d.3.cn
访问如http://item.jd.com/backend/info?type=basic&skuId=1即看到结果。
前端展示实现
我们分为三部分实现:基础组件、商品介绍、前端展示部分。
基础组件
首先我们进行基础组件的实现,商品介绍和前端展示部分都需要读取Redis和Http服务,因此我们可以抽取公共部分出来复用。
vim /usr/chapter7/lualib/item/common.lua
- local redis = require("resty.redis")
- local ngx_log = ngx.log
- local ngx_ERR = ngx.ERR
- local function close_redis(red)
- if not red then
- return
- end
- --释放连接(连接池实现)
- local pool_max_idle_time = 10000 --毫秒
- local pool_size = 100 --连接池大小
- local ok, err = red:set_keepalive(pool_max_idle_time, pool_size)
- if not ok then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "set redis keepalive error : ", err)
- end
- end
- local function read_redis(ip, port, keys)
- local red = redis:new()
- red:set_timeout(1000)
- local ok, err = red:connect(ip, port)
- if not ok then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "connect to redis error : ", err)
- return close_redis(red)
- end
- local resp = nil
- if #keys == 1 then
- resp, err = red:get(keys[1])
- else
- resp, err = red:mget(keys)
- end
- if not resp then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "get redis content error : ", err)
- return close_redis(red)
- end
- --得到的数据为空处理
- if resp == ngx.null then
- resp = nil
- end
- close_redis(red)
- return resp
- end
- local function read_http(args)
- local resp = ngx.location.capture("/backend/info", {
- method = ngx.HTTP_GET,
- args = args
- })
- if not resp then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "request error")
- return
- end
- if resp.status ~= 200 then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "request error, status :", resp.status)
- return
- end
- return resp.body
- end
- local _M = {
- read_redis = read_redis,
- read_http = read_http
- }
- return _M
商品介绍
核心代码
vim /usr/chapter7/desc.lua
- local common = require("item.common")
- local read_redis = common.read_redis
- local read_http = common.read_http
- local ngx_log = ngx.log
- local ngx_ERR = ngx.ERR
- local ngx_exit = ngx.exit
- local ngx_print = ngx.print
- local ngx_re_match = ngx.re.match
- local ngx_var = ngx.var
- local descKey = "d:" .. skuId .. ":"
- local descInfoStr = read_redis("127.0.0.1", 1114, {descKey})
- if not descInfoStr then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "redis not found desc info, back to http, skuId : ", skuId)
- descInfoStr = read_http({type="desc", skuId = skuId})
- end
- if not descInfoStr then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "http not found basic info, skuId : ", skuId)
- return ngx_exit(404)
- end
- ngx_print("showdesc(")
- ngx_print(descInfoStr)
- ngx_print(")")
nginx配置
vim /usr/chapter7/nginx_chapter7.conf
- location ~^/desc/(\d+)$ {
- if ($host != "d.3.cn") {
- return 403;
- }
- default_type application/x-javascript;
- charset utf-8;
- lua_code_cache on;
- set $skuId $1;
- content_by_lua_file /usr/chapter7/desc.lua;
- }
重启nginx后,访问如http://d.3.cn/desc/1即可得到JSONP结果。
前端展示
核心代码
vim /usr/chapter7/item.lua
- local common = require("item.common")
- local item = require("item")
- local read_redis = common.read_redis
- local read_http = common.read_http
- local cjson = require("cjson")
- local cjson_decode = cjson.decode
- local ngx_log = ngx.log
- local ngx_ERR = ngx.ERR
- local ngx_exit = ngx.exit
- local ngx_print = ngx.print
- local ngx_var = ngx.var
- local skuId = ngx_var.skuId
- --获取基本信息
- local basicInfoKey = "p:" .. skuId .. ":"
- local basicInfoStr = read_redis("127.0.0.1", 1112, {basicInfoKey})
- if not basicInfoStr then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "redis not found basic info, back to http, skuId : ", skuId)
- basicInfoStr = read_http({type="basic", skuId = skuId})
- end
- if not basicInfoStr then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "http not found basic info, skuId : ", skuId)
- return ngx_exit(404)
- end
- local basicInfo = cjson_decode(basicInfoStr)
- local ps3Id = basicInfo["ps3Id"]
- local brandId = basicInfo["brandId"]
- --获取其他信息
- local breadcrumbKey = "s:" .. ps3Id .. ":"
- local brandKey = "b:" .. brandId ..":"
- local otherInfo = read_redis("127.0.0.1", 1116, {breadcrumbKey, brandKey}) or {}
- local breadcrumbStr = otherInfo[1]
- local brandStr = otherInfo[2]
- if breadcrumbStr then
- basicInfo["breadcrumb"] = cjson_decode(breadcrumbStr)
- end
- if brandStr then
- basicInfo["brand"] = cjson_decode(brandStr)
- end
- if not breadcrumbStr and not brandStr then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "redis not found other info, back to http, skuId : ", brandId)
- local otherInfoStr = read_http({type="other", ps3Id = ps3Id, brandId = brandId})
- if not otherInfoStr then
- ngx_log(ngx_ERR, "http not found other info, skuId : ", skuId)
- else
- local otherInfo = cjson_decode(otherInfoStr)
- basicInfo["breadcrumb"] = otherInfo["breadcrumb"]
- basicInfo["brand"] = otherInfo["brand"]
- end
- end
- local name = basicInfo["name"]
- --name to unicode
- basicInfo["unicodeName"] = item.utf8_to_unicode(name)
- --字符串截取,超长显示...
- basicInfo["moreName"] = item.trunc(name, 10)
- --初始化各分类的url
- item.init_breadcrumb(basicInfo)
- --初始化扩展属性
- item.init_expand(basicInfo)
- --初始化颜色尺码
- item.init_color_size(basicInfo)
- local template = require "resty.template"
- template.caching(true)
- template.render("item.html", basicInfo)
初始化模块
vim /usr/chapter7/lualib/item.lua
- local bit = require("bit")
- local utf8 = require("utf8")
- local cjson = require("cjson")
- local cjson_encode = cjson.encode
- local bit_band = bit.band
- local bit_bor = bit.bor
- local bit_lshift = bit.lshift
- local string_format = string.format
- local string_byte = string.byte
- local table_concat = table.concat
- --utf8转为unicode
- local function utf8_to_unicode(str)
- if not str or str == "" or str == ngx.null then
- return nil
- end
- local res, seq, val = {}, 0, nil
- for i = 1, #str do
- local c = string_byte(str, i)
- if seq == 0 then
- if val then
- res[#res + 1] = string_format("%04x", val)
- end
- seq = c < 0x80 and 1 or c < 0xE0 and 2 or c < 0xF0 and 3 or
- c < 0xF8 and 4 or --c < 0xFC and 5 or c < 0xFE and 6 or
- 0
- if seq == 0 then
- ngx.log(ngx.ERR, 'invalid UTF-8 character sequence' .. ",,," .. tostring(str))
- return str
- end
- val = bit_band(c, 2 ^ (8 - seq) - 1)
- else
- val = bit_bor(bit_lshift(val, 6), bit_band(c, 0x3F))
- end
- seq = seq - 1
- end
- if val then
- res[#res + 1] = string_format("%04x", val)
- end
- if #res == 0 then
- return str
- end
- return "\\u" .. table_concat(res, "\\u")
- end
- --utf8字符串截取
- local function trunc(str, len)
- if not str then
- return nil
- end
- if utf8.len(str) > len then
- return utf8.sub(str, 1, len) .. "..."
- end
- return str
- end
- --初始化面包屑
- local function init_breadcrumb(info)
- local breadcrumb = info["breadcrumb"]
- if not breadcrumb then
- return
- end
- local ps1Id = breadcrumb[1][1]
- local ps2Id = breadcrumb[2][1]
- local ps3Id = breadcrumb[3][1]
- --此处应该根据一级分类查找url
- local ps1Url = "http://shouji.jd.com/"
- local ps2Url = "http://channel.jd.com/shouji.html"
- local ps3Url = "http://list.jd.com/list.html?cat=" .. ps1Id .. "," .. ps2Id .. "," .. ps3Id
- breadcrumb[1][3] = ps1Url
- breadcrumb[2][3] = ps2Url
- breadcrumb[3][3] = ps3Url
- end
- --初始化扩展属性
- local function init_expand(info)
- local expands = info["expands"]
- if not expands then
- return
- end
- for _, e in ipairs(expands) do
- if type(e[2]) == "table" then
- e[2] = table_concat(e[2], ",")
- end
- end
- end
- --初始化颜色尺码
- local function init_color_size(info)
- local colorSize = info["colorSize"]
- --颜色尺码JSON串
- local colorSizeJson = cjson_encode(colorSize)
- --颜色列表(不重复)
- local colorList = {}
- --尺码列表(不重复)
- local sizeList = {}
- info["colorSizeJson"] = colorSizeJson
- info["colorList"] = colorList
- info["sizeList"] = sizeList
- local colorSet = {}
- local sizeSet = {}
- for _, cz in ipairs(colorSize) do
- local color = cz["Color"]
- local size = cz["Size"]
- if color and color ~= "" and not colorSet[color] then
- colorList[#colorList + 1] = {color = color, url = "http://item.jd.com/" ..cz["SkuId"] .. ".html"}
- colorSet[color] = true
- end
- if size and size ~= "" and not sizeSet[size] then
- sizeList[#sizeList + 1] = {size = size, url = "http://item.jd.com/" ..cz["SkuId"] .. ".html"}
- sizeSet[size] = ""
- end
- end
- end
- local _M = {
- utf8_to_unicode = utf8_to_unicode,
- trunc = trunc,
- init_breadcrumb = init_breadcrumb,
- init_expand = init_expand,
- init_color_size = init_color_size
- }
- return _M
模板html片段
- var pageConfig = {
- compatible: true,
- product: {
- skuid: {* skuId *},
- name: '{* unicodeName *}',
- skuidkey:'AFC266E971535B664FC926D34E91C879',
- href: 'http://item.jd.com/{* skuId *}.html',
- src: '{* imgs[1] *}',
- cat: [{* ps1Id *},{* ps2Id *},{* ps3Id *}],
- brand: {* brandId *},
- tips: false,
- pType: 1,
- venderId:0,
- shopId:'0',
- specialAttrs:["HYKHSP-0","isDistribution","isHaveYB","isSelfService-0","isWeChatStock-0","packType","IsNewGoods","isCanUseDQ","isSupportCard","isCanUseJQ","isOverseaPurchase-0","is7ToReturn-1","isCanVAT"],
- videoPath:'',
- desc: 'http://d.3.cn/desc/{* skuId *}'
- }
- };
- var warestatus = 1;
- {% if colorSizeJson then %} var ColorSize = {* colorSizeJson *};{% end %}
- {-raw-}
- try{(function(flag){ if(!flag){return;} if(window.location.hash == '#m'){var exp = new Date();exp.setTime(exp.getTime() + 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);document.cookie = "pcm=1;expires=" + exp.toGMTString() + ";path=/;domain=jd.com";return;}else{var cook=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )pcm=([^;]*)(;|$)"));if(cook&&cook.length>2&&unescape(cook[2])=="2"){flag=false;}} var userAgent = navigator.userAgent; if(userAgent){ userAgent = userAgent.toUpperCase();if(userAgent.indexOf("PAD")>-1){return;} var mobilePhoneList = ["IOS","IPHONE","ANDROID","WINDOWS PHONE"];for(var i=0,len=mobilePhoneList.length;i<len;i++){ if(userAgent.indexOf(mobilePhoneList[i])>-1){var url="http://m.jd.com/product/"+pageConfig.product.skuid+".html";if(flag){window.showtouchurl=true;}else{window.location.href = url;}break;}}}})((function(){var json={"6881":3,"1195":3,"10011":3,"6980":3,"12360":3};if(json[pageConfig.product.cat[0]+""]==1||json[pageConfig.product.cat[1]+""]==2||json[pageConfig.product.cat[2]+""]==3){return false;}else{return true;}})());}catch(e){}
- {-raw-}
面包屑
- <div class="breadcrumb">
- <strong><a href='{* breadcrumb[1][3] *}'>{* breadcrumb[1][2] *}</a></strong>
- <span>
- >
- <a href='{* breadcrumb[2][3] *}'>{* breadcrumb[2][2] *}</a>
- >
- <a href='{* breadcrumb[3][3] *}'>{* breadcrumb[3][2] *}</a>
- >
- </span>
- <span>
- {% if brand then %}
- <a href='http://www.jd.com/pinpai/{* ps3Id *}-{* brandId *}.html'>{* brand['name'] *}</a>
- >
- {% end %}
- <a href='http://item.jd.com/{* skuId *}.html'>{* moreName *}</a>
- </span>
- </div>
图片列表
- <div id="spec-n1" class="jqzoom" οnclick="window.open('http://www.jd.com/bigimage.aspx?id={* skuId *}')" clstag="shangpin|keycount|product|spec-n1">
- <img data-img="1" width="350" height="350" src="http://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/{* imgs[1] *}" alt="{* name *}"/>
- </div>
- <div id="spec-list" clstag="shangpin|keycount|product|spec-n5">
- <a href="javascript:;" class="spec-control" id="spec-forward"></a>
- <a href="javascript:;" class="spec-control" id="spec-backward"></a>
- <div class="spec-items">
- <ul class="lh">
- {% for _, img in ipairs(imgs) do %}
- <li><img class='img-hover' alt='{* name *}' src='http://img14.360buyimg.com/n5/{* img *}' data-url='{* img *}' data-img='1' width='50' height='50'></li>
- {% end %}
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
颜色尺码选择
- <div class="dt">选择颜色:</div>
- <div class="dd">
- {% for _, color in ipairs(colorList) do %}
- <div class="item"><b></b><a href="{* color['url'] *}" title="{* color['color'] *}"><i>{* color['color'] *}</i></a></div>
- {% end %}
- </div>
- </div>
- <div id="choose-version" class="li">
- <div class="dt">选择版本:</div>
- <div class="dd">
- {% for _, size in ipairs(sizeList) do %}
- <div class="item"><b></b><a href="{* size['url'] *}" title="{* size['size'] *}">{* size['size'] *}</a></div>
- {% end %}
- </div>
- </div>
扩展属性
- <ul id="parameter2" class="p-parameter-list">
- <li title='{* name *}'>商品名称:{* name *}</li>
- <li title='{* skuId *}'>商品编号:{* skuId *}</li>
- {% if brand then %}
- <li title='{* brand["name"] *}'>品牌: <a href='http://www.jd.com/pinpai/{* ps3Id *}-{* brandId *}.html' target='_blank'>{* brand["name"] *}</a></li>
- {% end %}
- {% if date then %}
- <li title='{* date *}'>上架时间:{* date *}</li>
- {% end %}
- {% if weight then %}
- <li title='{* weight *}'>商品毛重:{* weight *}</li>
- {% end %}
- {% for _, e in pairs(expands) do %}
- <li title='{* e[2] *}'>{* e[1] *}:{* e[2] *}</li>
- {% end %}
- </ul>
规格参数
- <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%" border="0" class="Ptable">
- {% for group, pc in pairs(propCodes) do %}
- <tr><th class="tdTitle" colspan="2">{* group *}</th><tr>
- {% for _, v in pairs(pc) do %}
- <tr><td class="tdTitle">{* v[1] *}</td><td>{* v[2] *}</td></tr>
- {% end %}
- {% end %}
- </table>
nginx配置
vim /usr/chapter7/nginx_chapter7.conf
- #模板加载位置
- set $template_root "/usr/chapter7";
- location ~ ^/(\d+).html$ {
- if ($host !~ "^(item|item2015)\.jd\.com$") {
- return 403;
- }
- default_type 'text/html';
- charset utf-8;
- lua_code_cache on;
- set $skuId $1;
- content_by_lua_file /usr/chapter7/item.lua;
- }
测试
重启nginx,访问http://item.jd.com/1217499.html可得到响应内容,本例和京东的商品详情页的数据是有些出入的,输出的页面可能是缺少一些数据的。
优化
local cache
对于其他信息,对数据一致性要求不敏感,而且数据量很少,完全可以在本地缓存全量;而且可以设置如5-10分钟的过期时间是完全可以接受的;因此可以lua_shared_dict全局内存进行缓存。具体逻辑可以参考
- local nginx_shared = ngx.shared
- --item.jd.com配置的缓存
- local local_cache = nginx_shared.item_local_cache
- local function cache_get(key)
- if not local_cache then
- return nil
- end
- return local_cache:get(key)
- end
- local function cache_set(key, value)
- if not local_cache then
- return nil
- end
- return local_cache:set(key, value, 10 * 60) --10分钟
- end
- local function get(ip, port, keys)
- local tables = {}
- local fetchKeys = {}
- local resp = nil
- local status = STATUS_OK
- --如果tables是个map #tables拿不到长度
- local has_value = false
- --先读取本地缓存
- for i, key in ipairs(keys) do
- local value = cache_get(key)
- if value then
- if value == "" then
- value = nil
- end
- tables[key] = value
- has_value = true
- else
- fetchKeys[#fetchKeys + 1] = key
- end
- end
- --如果还有数据没获取 从redis获取
- if #fetchKeys > 0 then
- if #fetchKeys == 1 then
- status, resp = redis_get(ip, port, fetchKeys[1])
- else
- status, resp = redis_mget(ip, port, fetchKeys)
- end
- if status == STATUS_OK then
- for i = 1, #fetchKeys do
- local key = fetchKeys[i]
- local value = nil
- if #fetchKeys == 1 then
- value = resp
- else
- value = get_data(resp, i)
- end
- tables[key] = value
- has_value = true
- cache_set(key, value or "", ttl)
- end
- end
- end
- --如果从缓存查到 就认为ok
- if has_value and status == STATUS_NOT_FOUND then
- status = STATUS_OK
- end
- return status, tables
- end
nginx proxy cache
为了防止恶意刷页面/热点页面访问频繁,我们可以使用nginx proxy_cache做页面缓存,当然更好的选择是使用CDN技术,如通过Apache Traffic Server、Squid、Varnish。
1、nginx.conf配置
- proxy_buffering on;
- proxy_buffer_size 8k;
- proxy_buffers 256 8k;
- proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
- proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
- proxy_temp_path /usr/servers/nginx/proxy_temp;
- #设置Web缓存区名称为cache_one,内存缓存空间大小为200MB,1分钟没有被访问的内容自动清除,硬盘缓存空间大小为30GB。
- proxy_cache_path /usr/servers/nginx/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_item:200m inactive=1m max_size=30g;
2、nginx_chapter7.conf配置
与server指令配置同级
即如果域名为item2015.jd.com则item_dynamic=1。- location ~ ^/(\d+).html$ {
- set $skuId $1;
- if ($host !~ "^(item|item2015)\.jd\.com$") {
- return 403;
- }
- expires 3m;
- proxy_cache cache_item;
- proxy_cache_key $uri;
- proxy_cache_bypass $item_dynamic;
- proxy_no_cache $item_dynamic;
- proxy_cache_valid 200 301 3m;
- proxy_cache_use_stale updating error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
- proxy_pass_request_headers off;
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- #支持keep-alive
- proxy_http_version 1.1;
- proxy_set_header Connection "";
- proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/proxy/$skuId.html;
- add_header X-Cache '$upstream_cache_status';
- }
- location ~ ^/proxy/(\d+).html$ {
- allow 127.0.0.1;
- deny all;
- keepalive_timeout 30s;
- keepalive_requests 1000;
- default_type 'text/html';
- charset utf-8;
- lua_code_cache on;
- set $skuId $1;
- content_by_lua_file /usr/chapter7/item.lua;
- }
proxy_cache_key:缓存key为uri,不包括host和参数,这样不管用户怎么通过在url上加随机数都是走缓存的;
proxy_cache_bypass:nginx不从缓存取响应的条件,可以写多个;如果存在一个字符串条件且不是“0”,那么nginx就不会从缓存中取响应内容;此处如果我们使用的host为item2015.jd.com时就不会从缓存取响应内容;
proxy_no_cache:nginx不将响应内容写入缓存的条件,可以写多个;如果存在一个字符串条件且不是“0”,那么nginx就不会从将响应内容写入缓存;此处如果我们使用的host为item2015.jd.com时就不会将响应内容写入缓存;
proxy_cache_valid:为不同的响应状态码设置不同的缓存时间,此处我们对200、301缓存3分钟;
proxy_cache_use_stale:什么情况下使用不新鲜(过期)的缓存内容;配置和proxy_next_upstream内容类似;此处配置了如果连接出错、超时、404、500等都会使用不新鲜的缓存内容;此外我们配置了updating配置,通过配置它可以在nginx正在更新缓存(其中一个Worker进程)时(其他的Worker进程)使用不新鲜的缓存进行响应,这样可以减少回源的数量;
proxy_pass_request_headers:我们不需要请求头,所以不传递;
proxy_http_version 1.1和proxy_set_header Connection "":支持keepalive;
add_header X-Cache '$upstream_cache_status':添加是否缓存命中的响应头;比如命中HIT、不命中MISS、不走缓存BYPASS;比如命中会看到X-Cache:HIT响应头;
allow/deny:允许和拒绝访问的ip列表,此处我们只允许本机访问;
keepalive_timeout 30s和keepalive_requests 1000:支持keepalive;
nginx_chapter7.conf清理缓存配置
- location /purge {
- allow 127.0.0.1;
- allow 192.168.0.0/16;
- deny all;
- proxy_cache_purge cache_item $arg_url;
- }
只允许内网访问。访问如http://item.jd.com/purge?url=/11.html;如果看到Successful purge说明缓存存在并清理了。
3、修改item.lua代码
- --添加Last-Modified,用于响应304缓存
- ngx.header["Last-Modified"] = ngx.http_time(ngx.now())
- local template = require "resty.template"
- template.caching(true)
- template.render("item.html", basicInfo)
- ~
在渲染模板前设置Last-Modified,用于判断内容是否变更的条件,默认Nginx通过等于去比较,也可以通过配置if_modified_since指令来支持小于等于比较;如果请求头发送的If-Modified-Since和Last-Modified匹配则返回304响应,即内容没有变更,使用本地缓存。此处可能看到了我们的Last-Modified是当前时间,不是商品信息变更的时间;商品信息变更时间由:商品信息变更时间、面包屑变更时间和品牌变更时间三者决定的,因此实际应用时应该取三者最大的;还一个问题就是模板内容可能变了,但是商品信息没有变,此时使用Last-Modified得到的内容可能是错误的,所以可以通过使用ETag技术来解决这个问题,ETag可以认为是内容的一个摘要,内容变更后摘要就变了。
GZIP压缩
修改nginx.conf配置文件
- gzip on;
- gzip_min_length 4k;
- gzip_buffers 4 16k;
- gzip_http_version 1.0;
- gzip_proxied any; #前端是squid的情况下要加此参数,否则squid上不缓存gzip文件
- gzip_comp_level 2;
- gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
- gzip_vary on;
此处我们指定至少4k时才压缩,如果数据太小压缩没有意义。
到此整个商品详情页逻辑就介绍完了,一些细节和运维内容需要在实际开发中实际处理,无法做到面面俱到。
来源:http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2188538