5-4 基于内核定时器的按键驱动实例

5-4 基于内核定时器的按键驱动实例

1、驱动程序

1.1驱动代码\polling_key\completion\driver\poll_key_drv.c

#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/serio.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <mach/regs-clock.h>
#include <plat/regs-timer.h>	 
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <asm-generic/poll.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

static int key_major = 0;
struct key_desc_t {
	int pin;    //which gpio pin
	int pin_dir;//input or output
	int number;
    	char *name;	
};

#define MAX_KEYS    6
/* 用来指定按键所用gpio的编号,方向和名字 */
static struct key_desc_t key_desc [] = {
    {S3C2410_GPG(0), S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT, 0, "KEY1"}, /* K1 */ //S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT设置为输入引脚 
    {S3C2410_GPG(3),  S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT,  1, "KEY2"}, /* K2 */
    {S3C2410_GPG(5),  S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT,  2, "KEY3"}, /* K3 */
    {S3C2410_GPG(6),  S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT,  3, "KEY4"}, /* K4 */
    {S3C2410_GPG(7),  S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT,  4, "KEY5"}, /* K5 */
    {S3C2410_GPG(11),  S3C2410_GPIO_INPUT, 5, "KEY6"}, /* K6 */


};

/* 按键被按下的次数*/
static volatile int key_values [MAX_KEYS] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

/* 等待队列: 
 * 当没有按键被按下时，如果有进程调用key_read函数，
 * 它将休眠
 */
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(key_waitq);

/*内核定时器*/
static struct timer_list key_timer;

#define KEY_TIMER_DELAY    HZ/50   /*20ms*/

/* 事件标志, 有键按下时将它置1，key_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;


static void key_timer_handle(unsigned long data)
{
	struct key_desc_t *key_p = (struct key_desc_t *)data;
	int down;
	static unsigned char pressed[MAX_KEYS] = {0};
	int i;
	
	for(i=0;i<MAX_KEYS;i ++,key_p ++)
	{
    		down = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(key_p->pin);//读取引脚电平，若按下去则down==0
		if(!down) //key pressed
		{
			pressed[i] ++;
			if(pressed[i] > 2) pressed[i] = 3;
		}
		if((!down) && (2 == pressed[i]))//要等待20ms再检查一下该按键确实是被按下,而不是抖动
		{
			printk("pressed\n");
			key_values[i] = i + 1;
    			ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示按键被按下了 */
    			wake_up_interruptible(&key_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的read() 进程 */
		}
		if(down && pressed[i]) //如果该键被释放
		{
			pressed[i] = 0;
		}
	}
	key_timer.expires = jiffies + KEY_TIMER_DELAY;
	add_timer(&key_timer);

}


/* 应用程序对设备文件/dev/key执行open(...)时，
 * 就会调用key_open函数
 */
static int key_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    return 0;
}


/* 应用程序对设备文件/dev/key执行close(...)时，
 * 就会调用key_close函数
 */
static int key_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    return 0;
}


/* 应用程序对设备文件/dev/key执行read(...)时，
 * 就会调用key_read函数
 */
static int key_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, 
                        size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
    unsigned long err;

	if (!ev_press) {
		if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
			return -EAGAIN;
		else
			/* 如果ev_press等于0，休眠 */
			wait_event_interruptible(key_waitq, ev_press);
	}
    
    /* 执行到这里时，ev_press等于1，将它清0 */
    ev_press = 0;

    /* 将按键状态复制给用户，并清0 */
    err = copy_to_user(buff, (const void *)key_values, min(sizeof(key_values), count));
    memset((void *)key_values, 0, sizeof(key_values));

    return err ? -EFAULT : min(sizeof(key_values), count);
}

/**************************************************
* 当用户程序调用select函数时，本函数被调用
* 如果有按键数据，则select函数会立刻返回
* 如果没有按键数据，本函数使用poll_wait等待
**************************************************/
static unsigned int key_poll(struct file *file,
        			 struct poll_table_struct *wait)
{
	unsigned int mask = 0;
    	poll_wait(file, &key_waitq, wait);
    	if (ev_press)
        	mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
    	return mask;
}


/* 这个结构是字符设备驱动程序的核心
 * 当应用程序操作设备文件时所调用的open、read、write等函数，
 * 最终会调用这个结构中的对应函数
 */
static struct file_operations key_fops = {
    .owner   =   THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，指向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open    =   key_open,
    .release =   key_close, 
    .read    =   key_read,
    .poll    =   key_poll,
};


void set_gpio_mode_for_key(struct key_desc_t * key)
{
	int i;

	for(i = 0; i < MAX_KEYS; i ++,key ++)
	{
		s3c2410_gpio_pullup(key->pin, 1);
		s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(key->pin, key->pin_dir);
	}

}

/*
 * Set up the cdev structure for a device.
 */
static void key_setup_cdev(struct cdev *dev, int minor,
                struct file_operations *fops)
{
        int err, devno = MKDEV(key_major, minor);

        cdev_init(dev, fops);
        dev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
        dev->ops = fops;
        err = cdev_add (dev, devno, 1);
        /* Fail gracefully if need be */
        if (err)
                printk (KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding key%d", err, minor);
}


/*
 * We export one key device.  There's no need for us to maintain any
 * special housekeeping info, so we just deal with raw cdev.
 */
static struct cdev key_cdev;


/*
 * 执行“insmod key_drv.ko”命令时就会调用这个函数
 */
static int __init button_init(void)
{
        int result;
        dev_t dev = MKDEV(key_major, 0);
	char dev_name[]="key";
                                                                                                         
        /* Figure out our device number. */
        if (key_major)
                result = register_chrdev_region(dev, 1, dev_name);
        else {
                result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, 1, dev_name);
                key_major = MAJOR(dev);
        }
        if (result < 0) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "key: unable to get major %d\n", key_major);
                return result;
        }
        if (key_major == 0)
                key_major = result;
                                                                                                         
        /* Now set up cdev. */
        key_setup_cdev(&key_cdev, 0, &key_fops);
        printk("key device installed, with major %d\n", key_major);
	printk("The device name is: /dev/%s\n", dev_name);

	/*set gpio mode*/
	set_gpio_mode_for_key(key_desc);
	/*init kernel timer*/
	init_timer(&key_timer);
	key_timer.function = &key_timer_handle;
	key_timer.data = (unsigned long)key_desc;
	key_timer.expires = jiffies + KEY_TIMER_DELAY;
	
	add_timer(&key_timer);//定时器到了20ms 后跳到key_timer_handle处执行
 
	return 0;
}

/*
 * 执行rmmod key_drv.ko”命令时就会调用这个函数 
 */
static void __exit button_cleanup(void)
{
        cdev_del(&key_cdev);
        unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(key_major, 0), 1);
	del_timer_sync(&key_timer);
        printk("key device uninstalled\n");
}

/* 这两行指定驱动程序的初始化函数和卸载函数 */
module_init(button_init);
module_exit(button_cleanup);

/* 描述驱动程序的一些信息，不是必须的 */
MODULE_AUTHOR("Hanson he");             // 驱动程序的作者
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("S3C2440 KEY Driver");   // 一些描述信息
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");                              // 遵循的协议

1.2 Makefile

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

#KERNELDIR ?= /your/target/source/directory/
KERNELDIR ?=/home/student/linux-2.6.32.2
PWD := $(shell pwd)

modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

modules_install:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:
	rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions

.PHONY: modules modules_install clean

else
    obj-m := poll_key_drv.o
endif

2 用户程序

2.1用户程序代码\polling_key\completion\user\key_test.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(void)
{
	int i;
	int key_fd;
	int key_value[6];

	/*打开键盘设备文件*/
	key_fd = open("/dev/key", 0);
	if (key_fd < 0) {
		perror("open device key");
		exit(1);
	}

	for (;;) {
		fd_set rds;
		int ret;

		FD_ZERO(&rds);
		FD_SET(key_fd, &rds);

		/*使用系统调用select检查是否能够从/dev/key设备读取数据*/
		ret = select(key_fd + 1, &rds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
		
		/*读取出错则退出程序*/
		if (ret < 0) {
			perror("select");
			exit(1);
		}
		
		if (ret == 0) {
			printf("Timeout.\n");
		} 
		/*能够读取到数据*/
		else if (FD_ISSET(key_fd, &rds)) {
			/*开始读取键盘驱动发出的数据，注意key_value和键盘驱动中定义为一致的类型*/
			int ret = read(key_fd, key_value, sizeof key_value);
			if (ret != sizeof key_value) {
				if (errno != EAGAIN)
					perror("read key\n");
				continue;
			} else {
				/*打印键值*/
				for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
				    printf("K%d %s, key value = 0x%02x\n", \
					   i+1, (key_value[i] & 0x80) ? "released": \
		                           key_value[i] ? "pressed down" : "", key_value[i]);
			}
				
		}
	}
	/*关闭设备文件句柄*/
	close(key_fd);
	return 0;
}

2.2 Makefile

KERNELDIR ?=/home/student/linux-2.6.32.2
all: key_test 

key_test : key_test.c
	#arm-linux-gcc -I$(KERNELDIR) -s -Wl,-warn-common --static -o $@ $^
	arm-linux-gcc -I$(KERNELDIR) -o $@ $^
clean :
	rm key_test

 

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