C# 接口初探

接口声明语法：

public interface IDisposable
{
     void Disposable();
}

声明接口在语法上与声明抽象类完全相同，但不允许提供接口中任何成员的实现方式。一般情况下，接口只能包含方法、属性、索引器和事件的声明。

不能实例化接口，它只能包含其成员的签名。接口既不能有构造函数，也不能有字段，也不允许包含运算符重载。

在接口中还不允许声明关于成员的修饰符。接口成员总是公有的，不能声明为虚拟或静态。如果需要，就应有实现的类来声明，因此最好实现执行的类来声明访问修饰符。

下面的例子则说明了该如何定义和实现接口：

using System;
using Gemire.ProCSharp;
using Gemire.ProCSharp.VenusBank;
using Gemire.ProCSharp.JupiterBank;
namespace Gemire.ProCSharp
{
   class MainEntryPoint
   {
	  static void Main()
	  {
		 IBankAccount venusAccount = new SaverAccount();
		 IBankAccount jupiterAccount = new GoldAccount();
		 venusAccount.PayIn(200);
		 venusAccount.Withdraw(100);
		 Console.WriteLine(venusAccount.ToString());
		 jupiterAccount.PayIn(500);
		 jupiterAccount.Withdraw(600);
		 jupiterAccount.Withdraw(100);
		 Console.WriteLine(jupiterAccount.ToString());
		 Console.ReadLine();
	  }
   }
}


namespace Gemire.ProCSharp
{
   public interface IBankAccount
   {
	  void PayIn(decimal amount);
	  bool Withdraw(decimal amount);
	  decimal Balance
	  {
		 get;
	  }
   }
}

namespace Gemire.ProCSharp.VenusBank
{
   public class SaverAccount : IBankAccount
   {
	  private decimal balance;
	  public void PayIn(decimal amount)
	  {
		 balance += amount;
	  }
	  public bool Withdraw(decimal amount)
	  {
		 if (balance >= amount)
		 {
			balance -= amount;
			return true;
		 }
		 Console.WriteLine("Withdrawal attempt failed.");
		 return false;
	  }
	  public decimal Balance
	  {
		 get
		 {
			return balance;
		 }
	  }
	  public override string ToString()
	  {
		 return String.Format("Venus Bank Saver: Balance = {0,6:C}", balance);
	  }
   }
}

namespace Gemire.ProCSharp.JupiterBank
{
   public class GoldAccount : IBankAccount
   {
	  private decimal balance;
	  public void PayIn(decimal amount)
	  {
		 balance += amount;
	  }
	  public bool Withdraw(decimal amount)
	  {
		 if (balance >= amount)
		 {
			balance -= amount;
			return true;
		 }
		 Console.WriteLine("Withdrawal attempt failed.");
		 return false;
	  }
	  public decimal Balance
	  {
		 get
		 {
			return balance;
		 }
	  }
	  public override string ToString()
	  {
		 return String.Format("Jupiter Bank Saver: Balance = {0,6:C}", balance);
	  }
		}
  
}