C#泛型初探

下面这个例子创建的是链表的泛型版本。泛型类的定义与一般类类似，只是要使用泛型类型声明。之后，泛型类型就可以在类中用作一个字段成员，或者方法的参数类型。可以返回和设置泛型类型，所以属性Prev和Next的类型是LinkedListNode<T>.

除了IEnumerable接口，还有一个泛型版本IEnumerable<T>.IEnumerable<T>派生自IEnumerable,添加了返回IEnumeraotr<T>的GetEnumerator()方法，LinkedList<T>实现泛型接口IEnumerable<T>.

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using ProCSharp;

namespace ProCSharp
{
    public class LinkedListNode<T>
    {
        public LinkedListNode(T value)
        {
            this.Value = value;
        }
        //包含一个属性Value,该属性用构造函数初始化
        public T Value{get;private set;}
        //LinkedListNode类包含对链表中下一个元素和上一个元素的引用，
        //这些元素都可以从属性中访问
        public LinkedListNode<T> Next { get; internal set; }
        public LinkedListNode<T> Prev { get; internal set; }
    }

    public class LinkedList<T> : IEnumerable<T>
    {
        public LinkedListNode<T> First { get; private set; }
        public LinkedListNode<T> Last { get; private set; }
        public LinkedListNode<T> AddLast(T node)
        {
            var newNode = new LinkedListNode<T>(node);
            if (First==null)
            {
                First = newNode;
                Last = newNode;
            }
            else
            {
                LinkedListNode<T> previous = Last;
                Last.Next = newNode;
                Last = newNode;
                Last.Prev = previous;
            }
            return newNode;
        }

        public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
        {
            LinkedListNode<T> current = First;

            while(current!=null)
            {
                yield return current.Value;
                current = current.Next;
            }
        }

        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }
    }
    public class MainEntry
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            var list = new LinkedList<int>();
            list.AddLast(2);
            list.AddLast(5);
            list.AddLast(8);
            list.AddLast(100);
            foreach(int i in list)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(i);
            }
            var list2 = new LinkedList<string>();
            list2.AddLast("Tsinghua University");
            list2.AddLast("Peking University");
            list2.AddLast("Zhejiang University");
            foreach(string s in list2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(s);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}