This is a programming assignment that requires the use of POSIX threads, mutex locks, and/or semaphores to coordinate the activities of the TA and the students. Here is one possible solution:
1. Create a mutex lock and two semaphores: one for the TA and one for the students waiting in the
hallway.
2. Create N student threads and one TA thread.
3. Each student thread should loop indefinitely, alternating between programming and seeking help from the TA.
4. When a student needs help, they should try to acquire the mutex lock. If the TA is sleeping, the student should signal the TA semaphore and wait on the student semaphore. If the TA is helping another student, the student should wait on the student semaphore.
5. When the TA wakes up, they should try to acquire the mutex lock. If there are students waiting in the
hallway, the TA should signal the student semaphore N times to wake up the students. The TA should then help each student in turn, releasing the mutex lock after each one is helped.
6. If there are no students waiting, the TA should release the mutex lock and go back to sleep.
Here is some sample code to implement this solution:
```
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define N 10 // number of students
#define CHAIRS 3 // number of chairs in
hallway
pthread_t students[N], ta;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
sem_t student_sem, ta_sem;
int waiting = 0;
void *student(void *arg) {
int id = *(int*)arg;
while (1) {
// program for a random amount of time
sleep(rand() % 10 + 1);
printf("Student %d needs help\n", id);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
if (waiting < CHAIRS) {
// there is a free chair in the
hallway
waiting++;
printf("Student %d waiting in
hallway (%d/%d)\n", id, waiting, CHAIRS);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
sem_wait(&student_sem);
waiting--;
} else {
// no free chairs in the
hallway
printf("Student %d will come back later\n", id);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
// get help from TA
printf("Student %d getting help from TA\n", id);
// help for a random amount of time
sleep(rand() % 5 + 1);
}
}
void *ta_helper(void *arg) {
while (1) {
// sleep until a student wakes us up
sem_wait(&ta_sem);
while (1) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
if (waiting == 0) {
// no students waiting, go back to sleep
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
break;
}
// help the next student in line
waiting--;
sem_post(&student_sem);
printf("TA helping a student (%d/%d)\n", waiting, CHAIRS);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
// help for a random amount of time
sleep(rand() % 5 + 1);
}
}
}
int main() {
// initialize mutex lock and semaphores
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
sem_init(&student_sem, 0, 0);
sem_init(&ta_sem, 0, 0);
// create student threads
int student_ids[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
student_ids[i] = i;
pthread_create(&students[i], NULL, student, &student_ids[i]);
}
// create TA thread
pthread_create(&ta, NULL, ta_helper, NULL);
// wait for threads to finish
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
pthread_join(students[i], NULL);
}
pthread_join(ta, NULL);
// clean up mutex lock and semaphores
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
sem_destroy(&student_sem);
sem_destroy(&ta_sem);
return 0;
}
```
Note that this is just one possible solution and there may be other ways to implement the same behavior using different synchronization primitives.
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